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endocinology review

QuestionAnswer
Describe the hypothalamus -along with pituitary gland it influences the thyroid gland -Serves as a link between the endocrine and nervous system
Describe the pineal gland Pine-cone shaped gland that ventricle of the brainwith secretes melatonin
Describe the pituitary AKA Hypophysis ; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain -master gland -regulates many body activities -stimulates other glands to secrete hormone
Describe the thyroid -largest gland -two lobes separate isthmus -H-shaped
Name the six hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary and what their target organ/tissue. ACTH-adrenal cortex FSH-ovaries & testies GH-(somatotropin) bones, cartilage, liver, muscle, other tissue LH-ovaries & testies PRL-mammary glands TSH-thyroid glands
Name the two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary and what their target organ/tissue is ADH-kidney oxytocin-uterus
What is the function of endocrine glands? glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
What are the three types of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex? glucocorticoids-cortisol mineralocorticoids-aldosterone sex hormone-gonadocorticoids
What are the two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and what are their functions? Epinephrine-adrenaline produce in the adrenal medulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes. Norepinephrine- produces in the adrenal medulla. Increases blood pressure and constricts vessels.
What is the function of the parathyroid glands? Increases blood calcium levels
Where are the adrenal glands located? on top of the kidneys
What are the sings and symptoms of Cushing syndrome? edema, weight-gain, moon- shaped face, grossly exaggerated head and trunk, pencil-thin arms and legs, fatigue, high blood pressure, hirsutism, purple striae
What are the signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes? constant urination abnormal thirst unusual hunger rapid loss of weight irritability obvious weakness/fatigue nausea/vomiting
What is the treatment for the type 1 diabetes? injection of insulin
What are the treatments for type 2 diabetes? exercise, diet, weight loss, inulin, oral antidiabetic agents
What are the signs and symptoms of type II diabetes? -drowsiness -itching -a FHS (family history) -blurred vision -excessive weight -easily fatigued -skin infection
abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood hyponatremia
abnormal overgrowth of the entire body gigantism
abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood hypocalcemia
an organ that contains the islets of Langerhans pancreas
balance in the internal environment homeostasis
condition of being abnormally small dwarfism
condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food polyphagia
excessive accumulation of fat in the body obesity
excessive amount of calcium in the blood hypercalcemia
excessive amount of potassium in the blood hyperkalemia
excessive amount of sugar in the blood hyperglycemia
excessive distribution of body hair hirsutium
excessive thirst polydipsia
extreme depletion of potassium I the blood hypokalemia
formation of glucose from glycogen glucogensis
human growth hormone somatotropin
increased formation and secretion of urine diuresis
inner section of the adrenal gland adrenal medulla
lack of development atrophy
marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw acromegaly
mineral salts that carry an electrical charge electrolytes
outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids adrenal cortex
presence of glucose in the urine glucosuria
produced in the adrenal medulla; raises blood pressure norepinephrine
protrusion of the eyes exophthalmos
surgical excision of the adrenal gland adrenalectomy
surgical excision of the thyroid gland thyroidectomy
test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12-hour fast fasting blood glucose
test that measures thyroid function RAIU
the study of ductless glands and their secretions endocrinology
thyroid poisoning thyrotoxic
too little sugar in the blood hypoglycemia
tumour of a gland adenoma
underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands hypogonadism
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADH antidiuretic hormone
BMI body mass index
DKA diabetic ketoacidosis
FSH folic stimulating hormone
GH growth hormone
HRT hormone replacement therapy
K potassium
LH lutenizing hormone
PRL prolactin
RAIU radioactive iodine uptake
T3 triiodothyroxine (thyroid hormone)
T4 thyroxin
TFT thyroid function test
TSH thyroid stimulating test
Created by: Ange03
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