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Financial Analysis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personal Financial Statement | states the net worth of the individual(s) who are responsible for financing the business |
| Asset | cash or items of monetary value |
| Current Asset | cash or assets that can be converted into cash, within a year or so. |
| Fixed Asset | items such as buildings or fixtures that are used by a business over a long period of time. |
| Liability | debts that are owed |
| Current Liability | debts to be paid within a fiscal year |
| Long-term Liability | debts to be paid at a time beyond a year. |
| Balance Sheet | a business’s personal financial statement |
| Equity/Net Worth | Total Assets - Total Liabilities |
| Income Statement/Profit-and-loss Statement | information of a business’s financial performance over a certain amount of time. |
| Total/Gross Sales | Total of sales transactions without any deductions |
| Net Sales | total of sales with deductions |
| Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) | All costs associated with buying a product from the manufacturer all the way to the retailer. |
| Gross Profit | Net Sales - COGS |
| Overhead Expenses | costs to run the business |
| Operating Expenses | costs for production |
| Variable Expenses | costs that vary from month to month, depending on the business |
| Fixed Expenses | costs that do not vary by month, such as rent |
| Net income From Operations | Gross Profit - Operating Expenses |
| Net Profit (Before Taxes) | Add or subtract additional income or expenses to net income from operations. |
| Net Profit (After Taxes) | Net Profit (Before Taxes) - Federal, state, & local taxes |
| Liquidity Ratios | measures a business’s capacity to pay off debts |
| Activity Ratios | measures the rate a business’s assets can be converted into cash. |
| Profitability Ratios | measures a business’s profits. |
| Cash Flow Statement | details the flow of cash in and out of the business. |