Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharmacology LPN
Routes, Classes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Route of medication administration(Under the tongue) | Sublingual |
| Route of medication administration(Allowed to dissolve on mucous membrane of cheek) | Buccal |
| OD | Right eye |
| OS | Left eye |
| OU | Both eyes |
| Injection into the fatty layer under the skin. Sites include upper abdomen, upper thigh, or lateral upper arm. Amounts are usually 0.5-1.5 Medication is to be absorbed slowly with prolonged effect. | Subcutaneous |
| Good for poorly soluble drugs, irritating drugs, provides systemic effect | Intramuscular |
| Provides rapid onset. Gives option of larger fluid volume therefore diluting irritating drugs, Amounts are usually over 5 ml | Intravenous |
| Usually used for allergy or TB tests Inner aspect of arm is usual site Normally should not be over 0.1 ml | Intradermal |
| Otic medications Adult ear canal should be pulled | up and back |
| Otic medications Child ear canal should be pulled | down and back |
| Patient should lie on left side for insertion and water-soluble lubricant should be used. | suppositories |
| Tyramine containing foods | cheese, red wine, beer, and yogurt |
| When taken with tyramine foods can cause severe hypertension | MAO inhibitors |
| What do you assess the patient for (medication administration) | 1. Food or drug allergies 2. past medical history and present condition 3. knowledge deficits and teaching needed |
| Suspension of fat globules in water | emulsion |
| Drugs dissolved in alcohol | tincture |
| liquid dispersion of drug for topical use | lotion |
| Drug coated with substance that delays release of drug until it reaches the intestine (should not be crushed) | enteric coated |
| Drug incorporated into a sugar or fruit base which will dissolve in the mouth | Lozenge |
| Usually predictable, undesirable responses | Side effects |
| Movement of drugs throughout the body. Four components: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion | Pharmacokinetics |
| Process of moving a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream. | Absorption |
| How drugs are transported throughout the body. | Distribution |
| Enzymatic alteration of drug structure, also known as biotransformation | Metabolism |
| Primarily occurs in the liver | Metabolism |
| Removal of drugs from the body. Usually occurs through the kidneys and urine. | Excretion |
| Between minimum effective level and the toxic level | Therapeutic range |
| The length of time the body takes to reduce the plasma level of a drug to 50% of its peak value. Duration of action for most drugs. | Half-life |
| Reactive site on the surface or inside of a cell. | Receptor |
| Drugs that bind to a receptor and cause effects that mimic normal cell activities. | Agonists |
| Drugs that bind to a receptor and inhibit normal cell activities | Antagonists |
| Drugs that attach, elicit some response, and also block other responses | Partial agonists |
| Health history info., physical assessment data, lab values, medication effects | Assessment related to medication administration |
| Most common nursing diagnosis related to medication administration | Knowledge deficit, Noncompliance |
| Sympathetic NS mimics the "fight or flight" response selectively stimulating alpha & beta adrenergic receptors Includes vasoconstrictors (Norepinephrine) & Inotropes (Dopamine & Dobutrex)Increase HR and B/P | Adrenergic |
| Dopamine involvement in CNS regulation, having a major effect on the akinesia of Parkinson's (Sinemet & Levodopa) | Dopaminergic |
| Drugs that stimulate the PSNS by mimicking ACh. Promote muscle contraction & bladder emptying treating urinary retention. Side effects: abdominal cramps, salivation, N/V & diarrhea. | Cholinergic drugs |
| Drugs that block or impede the activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at cholinergic receptors in the brain. Relax smooth muscles. | Anticholinergic drugs |
| When two drugs with similar actions are given together. Ex. acetaminophen and oxycodone | Additive effects |
| When two drugs administered together interact in such a way that their combined effects are greater than the sum of the effects for each drug given alone. Vistaril potentiates the effect of Demerol. | Synergistic effects |
| Combination of two drugs results in drug effects that are less than the sum of the effects for each drug given separately. Beta blocker plus a beta stimulant cancel each other out. | Antagonistic effects |
| Antibiotic: broad spectrum, gram +, first choice for meningitis, syphillis | Penicillin's |
| Chemically very similar to Penicillin. If have allergic reaction to Penicillin can also have a reaction to this | Cephalosporin's |
| Used to treat MRSA, adverse reaction includes ototoxicity, administer slowly, poorly absorbed orally | Vancomycin |
| Used to treat GI infections, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Take on empty stomach, no milk products. Decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. | Tetracycline |
| Dilation of arteries and veins. Treat dopamine infiltration sites. Side effect: orthostatic hypotension. A-blocker | Regitine |
| Vasoconstriction | Alpha |
| Muscle activity | Beta |
| Mycoardium, increased HR, increased contraction | B1 |
| Bronchial & Vascular smooth muscles: Bronchial relaxation and arterial dilation to skeletal muscles | B2 |
| Affects rate | Chronotrope |
| Affects force of muscular contraction by activating beta cells | Inotrope |
| The main clinical usage of calcium channel blockers | Decrease blood pressure |
| Calcium channel blockers work by | blocking voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. When Ca+ decreases, Blood pressure decreases |
| Angiotensin II | Potent vasoconstrictor, causes increase in B/P, water retention |
| Reduce arterial pressure by preventing generation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I | Ace Inhibitors |
| Cause decrease in B/P and increased renal perfusion. A persistent dry cough is a relatively common adverse effect. | Ace Inhibitors |
| End in pril, captopril, enalapril, lisinopril | Ace Inhibitors |
| Block the binding of angiotensin II to specific tissue receptors in vascular smooth muscle & adrenal glands. Produces decrease in B/P. | Angiotensin II Inhibitors |
| End in olol, propanolol, labetalol. Decrease heart rate and force of contraction. | Beta adrenergic antagonist-Beta blockers |
| A common mnemonic used to describe the physiologic manifestations of atropine overdose is | "hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter". |
| Reverse cholinergic (parasympathetic) effects. Blocks ACh at receptor sites in smooth muscles, secretory glands, SA & AV nodes & cardiac muscle Ex: Scopolamine-motion sickness, Atropine- treatment for bradycardia | Anticholinergics |
| CNS neurotransmitter, Action: Inhibits excitatory signals produced by ACh. Decrease levels cause tremors (pill rolling) rigidity, bradykinesia, akinesia | Dopamine |
| Extensive deterioration of neurons at basal ganglia. | Parkinson's Disease |
| Dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, dopamine given as a drug does not directly affect the central nervous system. To increase the amount of dopamine in the brains of patients with diseases such as Parkinson's disease combo therapy is given | Levodopa, precursor to dopamine |
| Treat moderate to severe pain by crossing blood brain barrier | Opioids |
| Major effects of Opioids | Decreased level of consciousness, respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, decreased muscle tone, urinary retention |
| Opioid antagonist: Drug used to counter the effects of opioid overdose ex. heroin or morphine overdose | Narcan |
| Produce maximal response (schedule II drugs)Ex: codeine, morphine, demerol, oxycodone | Opioid agonist |
| Activate opioid receptor without causing respiratory depression Ex: stadol, nubain, talwin | Opioid agonist-antagonist |
| Blocks prostaglandins that arise from the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolic pathway. A non-steroidal drug to treat arthritic pain. | Cox 2 Inhibitors |
| Cautions with Cox 2 & NSAIDS | GI bleed, Renal failure, Asthma reaction |
| Hinder future clot formation by inhibiting conversion of prothrombin to thrombin (heparin or lovenox) or reducing amount of vit. K (coumadin) | Anticoagulation |
| Prevents production of TXA2 causes platelet aggregation adn vessel constriction ex: ASA, plavix | Antiplatelet |
| Dissolves thrombi after formation ex: TPA, retavase, used in combo with anticoagulants | Thrombolytic |
| Inhibit platelet aggregation, used as adjunct with ASA & heparin to decrease clot formation ex: Reopro, Integrilin | Glycoprotein IIB/IIA Inhibitors |
| Stimulates gastric acid secretion | Histamine |
| Blocks release of histamine, esp w/stress, stress ulcers, allergic reactions ex: zantac, pepcid | H-2 Blockers |
| Supress gastric acid secretion by irreversibly binding with proton pump system that controls hydrogen ion secretion. Use on high risk patients ex: Prevacid, Prilosec | Proton Pump Inhibitors |
| Used for Asthma, COPD, Anti-inflammatory effect-reduced mucus secretion in respiratory conditions | Corticosteroids |
| Side effects of Corticosteroids | Mask infections, hyperglycemia, slow wound healing |
| Relieve bronchoconstriction, open airway ex: alupent, serevent proventil (inhalers) | Beta Agonists |
| Side effects of Beta Agonists | Tachycardia, headache, angina, muscle tremors |
Created by:
angienoriega
Popular Nursing sets