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SCIENCE unitF
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a fossil? Give three examples of things that could become fossilized. | A fossil is the preserved remains of a species that lived in the past EXAMPLES: A footprint A piece of bone A tooth |
| How do fossils help scientists collect evidence that evolution has occurred? What type of scientist studies these fossils? | Fossils allow paleontologists to understand when former species lived as well as make observations and inferences about the way they lived. |
| What does it mean for a species to become extinct? What could cause extinction? | A species becomes extinct when the final member of the species dies and there are no surviving offspring Things that could cause extinction: Environmental change Loss of food source Disease |
| What types of life are the oldest on Earth? Single-celled or multicelled? | Single-celled organisms are the oldest forms of life on the planet They first appeared on the planet MILLIONS of years ago |
| What does “diversity of species mean? | Diversity of species means there are many different kinds of organisms |
| What is natural selection? How long does this process usually take? | The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The process usually takes thousands of generations to see an effect |
| What is an observation? What is an inference? Give an example of each. | The act of viewing or noting something with one of the senses A proposed conclusion based on an observation |
| TRUE or FALSE: Humans have had no impact on the evolution of other species. | A proposed conclusion based on an observation |
| What is genetic variation? What causes this variation and how does that lead to natural selection? | Genetic variation is differences that are caused by an organism’s genes Variation is usually caused by a MUTATION in the organism’s DNA This variation allows certain individuals to be better suited for their environment |
| What is a mutation? How do they affect an individual? | A mutation is any change in an organism’s DNA Typically these mutations occur during the fertilization Some mutations are beneficial and lead to organisms having a greater chance at reproduction |
| What is the difference between an acquired and inherited trait? Which type of trait gets passed to offspring? | Traits that an individual gains during the course of their life that are not genetic GENETIC TRAITS ARE PASSED TO OFFSPRING DURING SEXUAL REPRODUCTION!!!!! |
| If two species have DNA that is very similar they are (MORE or LESS) closely related | If two species have very similar DNA they are MORE closely related than individuals with DNA that is not similar. This means they shared a common ancestor relatively recently |
| Describe bacterial resistance using natural selection. | Originally most bacteria were non-resistant to antibiotics and died Some had the resistance gene and were able to survive the medicine They passed that gene to their offspring |
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RedBulls99
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