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J.Sills Genetics/Tec
J.Sills Genetics and Technology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
heterozygous | two different alleles; "hybrid" Tt |
homozygous | two of the same allele; "purebred;" TT or tt |
Dd | heterozygous |
genotype | gene or allele combination; "type-o-gene" |
phenotype | the way a genotype is expressed; what the organism looks and acts like |
allele | form of a gene |
sex-linked | traits located on a sex chromosome |
XX | female sex chromosomes |
XY | male sex chromosomes |
mutation | mistake or change in a gene; an error |
homozygous dominant | DD; two dominant alleles |
homozygous recessive | dd; two recessive alleles |
genetic recombination | arranging genes in a new sequence or order |
DNA fingerprint | visual representation of DNA fragments; shows a banding pattern that can be used to determine relatedness |
gel electrophoresis | technique that runs DNA fragments through a gel and separates fragments based on size |
gene splicing | cutting and inserting genes into new DNA sequences |
cloning | produces identical genetic copies of an organism |
carrier | heterozygous; carries the allele that can cause a recessive phenotype |
hybrid | another term for heterozygous |
purebred | another term for homozygous |
dominant trait | the trait that shows; always hides the recessive |
recessive trait | trait always hidden by the dominant; only shows when 2 recessive genes combine |
incomplete dominance | 2 traits cross to make an in-between trait; red flower + white flower = pink flower |
co-dominance | 2 dominant traits shown equally in offspring; black chicken + white chicken = checkered chicken (black and white) |
pedigree | a genetics family tree; shows how traits move through family generations |
genetic engineering | technology that involves altering genes and DNA in organisms - different dob greeds |
DD | homozygous dominant |
Inheritance | the passing of genetic traits from one generation to the next. |
Trait | a specific characteristic of an individual determined by genes, environmental factors, or both. |
Genetic Variation | the difference in DNA sequences between individuals in a population. |