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Bio Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell specialization | All organisms are composed of cells.. Specialized cells differ in structure (size, shape...) and function (the role they perform in the organism). |
| Nitrogenous bases | nitrogen containing molecule that has the same chemical properties as a base. They are particularly important since they make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil. |
| Osmosis- | process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Independent assortment | formation of random combinations of chromosomes in meiosis and genes on different pairs of homologous chromosomes passage a one of each diploid pair of homologous chromosomes into each gamete independently of each other pair |
| Anaerobic respiration | type of respiration that does not use oxygen.glucose → lactic acid (+ energy released) |
| Aerobic respiration- | process in which glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O in the presence of oxygen, releasing large amounts of ATP |
| Cell wall | rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria |
| Leucoplast | colorless organelle found in plant cells, used for the storage of starch or oil |
| Activation energy | minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction. |
| Solution | liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). |
| Active transport | movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. |
| Solvent | able to dissolve other substances |
| Crenation | process resulting from osmosis in which red blood cells, in a hypertonic solution, shrink and acquire a scalloped surface. |
| Genotype- | the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| Eukaryotes | organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins (histones) into chromosomes. |
| Cilia | short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure |
| Golgi Body | complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| Ribosome | minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| Magnification | action or process of magnifying something or being magnified, especially visually. |
| Resolution | which is the smallest separation at which two separate objects can be distinguished (or resolved) |
| Cytolysis | dissolution or disruption of cells, especially by an external agent. |
| Organelles- | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Replication | process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA. |
| Phenotype- | set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment |
| Gametes | mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
| Nucleus- | dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material. |
| Cytoskeleton | microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| Catalyst | substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. |
| Homeostasis | tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes. |
| Hypothesis- | supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |
| Solute- | minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. |
| Passive transport- | movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input. |
| Crossing over- | exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring. |
| Transcription | process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template |
| Cytoplasm- | material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Cell membrane | semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| Nucleolus | small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| Matter | physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy. |
| Biology- | study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution. |
| Photosynthesis- | process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. |
Created by:
evenesky
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