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J.Sills Cells/Organe
J.Sills Cells and Organelles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of life; able to carry out all life processes |
| eukaryotic cell | complex cell with a nucleus and most organelles "Eu" rhymes with "Nu" = "YOU" |
| prokaryotic cell | simple cell without a nucleus or most organelles "pro" rhymes with "no" (nucleus) |
| nucleus | control center of the cell; contains DNA instructions; "brain" of the cell |
| ribosomes | make proteins |
| mitochondria | site of cellular respiration in cells; makes energy (ATP) from glucose . Cells "powerhouse." |
| chloroplast | site of photosynthesis in plants; makes sugar called glucose |
| cell membrane (function) | barrier between cell and environment that controls what enters and exits a cell |
| cell wall (function) | provides support and structure for plant cells |
| Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) | transports molecules like lipids and proteins throughout the cell. cells "highway" system |
| Golgi body | sorts and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules for transport. Cells "post office" |
| vacuole | used for temporary storage of waste, water, food, and other materials in cells. like the cells "trash can" |
| centrioles | used for cell division in animal cells |
| cilia | short hair-like projections used for movement "silly little hairs" |
| flagella | long whip-like projection used for movement |
| pseudopodia | method of movement that uses cytoplasmic projections; "false foot" |
| cytoplasm | "jelly-like" substance inside a cell that holds organelles in place. |
| lysosome | breaks down old and damaged organelles and contains enzymes for cellular digestion. Cells "clean-up crew" |
| cell membrane (component) | made up of phospholipids |
| cell wall (component) | made of cellulose |
| DNA | genetic information located in the nucleus of eukaryotes or free-floating in prokaryotes |
| eukaryotes (examples) | plant, animal, and yeast cells |
| prokaryotes (examples) | bacteria |
| cytoskeleton | gives cells shape |
| nucleolus | inside nucleus; makes ribosomes |
| organelle | parts of the cell that do specific jobs; "tiny organs" |
| bacteria | a prokaryote; a one-celled organism with no nucleus and very few organelles |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects and replicates inside of a bacteria |
| toxin | a poison |
| vaccine | an injection of a killed microbe/germ to build immunity against it |
| hemoglobin | protein in blood that carries oxygen |
| Nuclear Membrane | double barrier around the nucleus; protects DNA |
| Feedback loops | important for maintaining homeostasis. Body responds either positive or negative |
| Negative feedback loop | process where the end product causes less of an action to occur. |
| Positive feedback loop | process where the end product causes more of an action to occur. |
| Cell Specialization/ Differentiation | process where generic cells can become specific cells with specific jobs. |
| Chromatin | inside nucleus; long, tangled strands of DNA |
| Smooth ER | makes lipids |
| Stem Cell | unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cell types as the body needs them. |
| Tissue | a group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function. |
Created by:
jsills
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