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Holt's Genetics/DNA
DNA and Genetics terms created March 2009
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetics | the study of how traits are inherited |
| trait | a characteristic that is caused by genes |
| allele | different versions of a gene that cause the variations of a trait |
| dominant | the form of a gene that covers up (dominates) the weaker form of the gene |
| recessive | the form of a gene that gets covered up if the dominant form of the gene is present |
| Punnett Square | a tool to predict possible offspring’s genes based on parents’ genes (invented by Reginald Punnett 50 years after Mendel’s studies) |
| homozygous | when both alleles in a pair are the same (both dominant or both recessive) |
| heterozygous | when the two alleles in a pair are different (one is dominant and one is recessive) |
| genotype | a pair of capital and/or lower case letters to represent an organism’s genetic makeup |
| phenotype | the physical trait that shows up because of an organism’s genotype |
| probability | a measurement of the chance (likelihood) of an event happening |
| independent | when the chance of one event happening does not affect the chance of another event happening |
| DNA | molecule in the nucleus of a cell that contains instructions for how to make proteins (and how to run the cell) (DNA is the abbreviation for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) |
| double helix | a twisted spiral staircase…the shape of DNA |
| nitrogen bases (nucleotides) | molecules that make up the “steps” in the DNA “ladder;” there are four: adenine paired with thymine, and cytosine paired with guanine |
| gene | a sequence of nitrogen bases which all together are the code for one protein |
| mutation | a permanent change in a gene that causes a protein to be made incorrectly |
| genome | all the DNA in the nucleus of an organism’s cell(s) |
| nucleus | organelle in a cell that is the "control center" of the cell that contains instructions for how to live |
| chromosome | name for DNA when it is wound up tightly so that it becomes visible during cell division |
| protein | a type of biological molecules, it is a long chain of amino acids |
| heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| triplet | a group of three nitrogen bases that are the code for a specific amino acid |
| biological molecule | a group of atoms put together in a specific arrangement (like legos); biological molecules are building blocks for organelles |
Created by:
wholt
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