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PCS Liv Env
Vocabulary for Topic 1 - Similarities/Differences Among Living Organisms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | process by which cells use energy to transport molecules through the cell membrane from areas of low to high concentration; requires energy (ATP) |
| Amino Acids | building blocks of protein |
| Cell | basic unit of structure and function that makes up all organisms |
| Cell Membrane | thin boundary between the cell and its environment |
| Cell Respiration | process in which nutrients are broken apart; release chemical energy |
| Chloroplast | green organelle that contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis takes place here |
| Circulation | flow of materials within a cell and between parts of organisms |
| Cytoplasm | jellylike substance that is between the cell membrane; contains specialized structures |
| Diffusion | movement of molecule from area of high to low concentration |
| Digestion | process that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that organism can use |
| Enzymes | proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions |
| Excretion | the removal of all the wastes produced by the cell |
| Homeostasis | maintain a stable internal environment |
| Hormone | chemical produced by in the endocrine glands |
| Immunity | body's ability to destroy pathogens before they cause disease |
| Inorganic | does not contain both carbon and hydrogen |
| Metabolism | all chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an organism |
| Mitochondria | powerhouse for the cell; provides energy |
| Nucleus | contains genetic information, including chromosomes and DNA |
| Organ | body structure made of different kinds of tissues combined to perform a specific function |
| Organ System | several organs that work together to perform a major function in the body |
| Organelle | a structure within the cell that carries out a specific function |
| Organic | contain both hydrogen and carbon |
| Receptor Molecule | certain protein molecules in the cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells; shape specific (match shapes) |
| Respiration | process by which the chemical bond energy stored in nutrients is released for use in cells |
| Reproduction | process by which organisms produce new organisms of same type |
| Ribosome | make proteins |
| Simple Sugars | result of digested starches |
| Synthesis | life process that involves combining simple substances into more complex substances |
| Tissue | a group of specialized cells that perform a specific function |
| Vacuole | storage sacs of the cell |