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AP Bio Chapter 39

QuestionAnswer
Hormones Chemical signals that coordinate parts of the organism
Phototropism The growth of a shoot towards light. Opposite of negative phototropism.
Auxin Any chemical substance that promotes the elongation of celeoptiles
Cytokinins Growth regulators
Gibberellin Chemical that causes advanced plant growth
Abcisic Acid (ABA) Produced in the terminal bud and slows down growth and directs leaf primordia to develop into the scales that will protect the dormant cells during winter
Ethylene A gaseous by-product of kerosene combustion. Used to ripen fruits.
Senescence A progression of irreversible change that eventually leads to death. Also known as aging.
Oligosaccharins Short chains of sugars released from cell walls by the hydrolytic action of enzymes on cellulose and pectin
Brassinosteroids Common plant hormones required for normal growth and development
Gravitropism Tendency for plants to adjust due to gravity (shoots - negative gravitropism, roots - positive gravitropism)
Statoliths Specialized plastids containing dense starch grains. Used to determine "up from down."
Thigmotropism Directional growth in response to touch
Thigmomorphogenesis Developmental response to mechanical peterbation
Action Potentials Electrical impulses in plants similar to nervous system in animals
Sleep Movements Changing positions of leaves due to the time of day
Circadian Rhythm A physiological cycle with a frequency of about 24 hours
Photoperiodism A physiological response to photoperiod, such as flowering
Short-Day Plant Requires a light period shorter than a critical length to flower
Long-Day Plants Requires a light period longer than a critical length to flower
Day-Neutral Plants Plants unaffected by photoperiod
Phytochromes Pigments that allow a plant to measure the length of darkness in a photoperiod
Heat-Shock Proteins Proteins produced by plants to survive heat stress
Gene-For-Gene Recognition Specific resistance to disease requiring a precise match-up between an allele in the plant and an allele in the pathogen
Phytoalexins Antimicrobial compounds
PR Proteins Pathogen related proteins produced by plants to fight pathogens
Hypersensitive Response (HR) Localized defense response. Enhanced production of phytoalexins and PR proteins occurs and the area is "sealed off."
Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) Non-specific response providing plant against a diversity of pathogens for days. Triggered by HR.
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