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Exam 3
Anatomy & Pysiology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Serves as the actual trigger for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin | Calcium ions |
| A neurotransmitter released at motor end plates by the axon terminals | Acetylcholine |
| Diffusion across the cell membrane results in depolarization | Sodium-potassium ions |
| That is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle? | Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules. |
| Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances? | Ca2+ and ATP |
| What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the _______ period during which the events of excitation-contraction coupling occur | latent |
| What produces the striation of a skeletal muscle? | the arrangement of myofilaments |
| Which of the following are composed of myosin? | thick filaments |
| During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? | actin filaments |
| What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called? | a sarcomere |
| What is the functional role of the T tubules? | allows actin potential to travel from sarcolemma into sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| The muscle cell membrane is called the _____ | sarcolemma |
| Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ______ | secretion |
| Which of the following statements is true? | Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei |
| What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue? | the ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy |
| ON PAPER | |
| The muscle cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong | Absolute refractory period |
| The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions | Depolarization |
| The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the muscle fiber due to a change in membrane permeability | Repolarization |
| Also called a muscle stimulation transmitted by axons | Action potential |
| An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response | Relative refractory period |
| An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to a muscle fiber via the _____ | synapse |
| What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? | Destroy ACh o brief period after its release by the axon endings |
| Compare and contrast skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle | Skeletal- striated, voluntary Cardiac- involuntary, striated, found in heart Smooth- voluntary, not striated, hollow organs |
| A fibrous joint that is a peg in socket called a ____ joint | Gomphosis |
| Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to | provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints |
| On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue? | syndesmosis |
| Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called _____ | bursae |
| Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ____ | amphiarthroses |
| _______ are cartilaginous joints | Synchondroses |
| Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ____ | hyperextension |
| In the classification of joints, which of the following are true? | All synovial joints are freely movable |
| Synarthrotic joints _____ | permit essentially no movement |
| Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about synovial fluid? | It contains hyaluronic acid |
| What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called? | abduction |
| The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ____ | feet |
| Which of the following conditions is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis? | osteoarthritis |
| Pointing the toes is an example of ____ | plantar flexion |
| Tendon sheaths _____ | act as friction reducing structures |
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