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Nervous System Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
neuron | individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information |
axon | the long, narrow process that projects from the cell body |
dendrite | the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
synapse | The gaps between adjacent neurons across which chemical signals are transmitted. |
neurotransmitter | Neurotransmitters molecules that are released from active neurons and influence the activity of other cells |
sensory neuron | transmit information from eyes and other sensors that detect external stimuli |
motor neuron | neurons that transmit signals to muscle cells |
interneurons | that form the local circuits connecting neurons in the brain |
central nervous system | consists of the brain and the spinal cord |
peripheral nervous system | the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord |
membrane potential | voltage across a membrane. ranges from -50 to -200 millivolts. inside of cell negative compared to the outside |
action potential | action potential a massive change in membrane voltage |
synaptic cleft | the small gap between the neurons |