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Blood
Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Red Blood Cells | Are relatively large microscopic cells without nuclei. They transport oxygen from the lungs to all of the living tissues of the body, and carry away carbon dioxide. |
| White Blood Cells | Make up a very small part of blood volume, most are produced in bone marrow. They attack bacteria, viruses, and fungi. |
| Platelets | Are cell fragments without nuclei that work with blood clotting chemicals at the site of wounds. Individual platelets are about 1/3 the size of red cells. |
| Plasma | Is the relatively clear, yellow tinted water, sugar, fat, protein and salt solution which carries the red cells, white cells, and platelets. |
| Erythrocytes | Are red blood cells, formed elements. |
| Bioconcave | Lacks nuclei and mitochondria filled with hemoglobin. Enables RBC's to form stacks that flow through narrow blood vessels. Enables RBC's to flex, using spectrin protein. |
| Erythropoietin | Hormone that controls the production of erythrocytes. Erythrocytes are made via hypoxia. |
| Hematopoiesis | Blood formation, occurs in the red bone, starts with hemocystoblast. Begins with hemocystoblast then reticulocytes and finally erythrocytes. |
| Hemoglobins | Oxygen-carrying; each RBC is about 1/3 hemoglobin by volume. When hemoglobin combines with oxygen, the resulting oxyhemoglobin is bright red. When the oxygen is released, the resulting deoxyhemoglobin is darker. |
| Composition of Hemoglobin | 4 globular protein subunits, each composed of a protein chain tightly associated with a non-protein heme group. |
| Function of Hemoglobin | Carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body; helps in transportation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions back into the lungs. |
| Neutrophils | Fights infection |
| Eosinophils | Fights off worms and allergic reactions. |
| Basophils | Release heparin and histamine. |
| Monocytes | Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells and other in tissue. |
| Lymphocytes | Attack microorganisms, tumor cells, and transplanted cells. |
| Plasma | Clear, straw-colored liquid part of the blood in which cells and platelets are suspended. 92% water; contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic molecules biochemicals including amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and a variety of lipids. |
| Functions of Plasma | Carrying nutrients, gases hormones, vitamins; regulate fluid and electrolyte balance; maintaining a favorable pH. |
| Plasma Proteins | Most abundant dissolved solute - albumins: help maintain colloid osmotic pressure. Globulin: Alpha-beta-transport lipids and vitamins; gamma-constitute the antibodies of immunity; Fibrinogen: Plays a key role in blood coagulation. |
| Blood Gases | Oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Plasma Nutrients | Amino acids, simple sugars, nucleotides and lipids absorbed from digestive tract. |
| Non-proteins Nitrogenous Substance (NPNs) | Group includes amino acids, urea, uric acid, creatine, and creatinine. |
| Electrolytes | Absorbed from the intestine or released as by-products of cellular metabolism. Include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate phosphate and sulfate ions. Important in maintaining osmotic pressure and pH of plasma. |
Created by:
macy.patrice
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