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Biology Ch. 1
The Science of Life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adaptation | the process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population's ability to survive |
| base unit | one of the fundamental units of measurement that describes length, mass, time, and other quantities and from which other units are derived |
| biological molecule | chemical compound that provides physical structure and brings about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions |
| biology | the study of life |
| cell | the smallest unit of independently functioning life |
| cell division | the formation of two cells from one existing cells |
| compound light microscope | an instrument that magnifies small objects so that they can be seen easily; has two or more lenses |
| control group | a group that serves as the standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor |
| dependent variable | the factor that is changed as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable |
| development | the process by which an organism grows |
| domain | one of three broad groups that all living things fall into-- archaea, bacteria, eukarya |
| ecology | the study of interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment |
| ecosystem | a community of organisms and their abiotic environment |
| evolution | change over time |
| experiment | a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth |
| experimental group | a group that is identical to the control group except for the independent variable |
| eyepiece | part of a light microscope that magnifies the image |
| gene | the most basic physical unit of hereidity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment |
| hypothesis | a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation |
| independent variable | the factor that is directly manipulated |
| kingdom | one taxonomic level below domain--archaea, bacteria, protisa, fungi, plantae, animalia |
| magnification | the increase of an object's apparent size by using lenses or mirrors |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| metric system | decimal-based standar system of measurement that is used by scientists |
| multicellular | describes a mass that is made of many cells |
| natural selection | survival of the fittest--organism better adapted to the environment survive and reproduce |
| nosepiece | part of the light microscope that holds the objective lens in place above the specimen |
| objective lens | part of the light microscope that is located directly above the specimen and magnifies its image |
| observation | the process of obtaining information using the senses |
| organ | a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
| organelle | one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell, specialized to perform a specific function |
| organization | the high degree of order within an organism's internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world |
| prediction | a statement made in advance that expresses the results that will be obtained from a hypothesis |
| reproduction | the process of producing offspring |
| resolution | the ability to form images with fine detail |
| scanning electron microscope (SEM) | microscope that produces an enlarged, three-dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons rather than light |
| scientific methods | a series of steps followed to solve problems |
| stage | a platform of a light microscope that supports the slide holding the specimen |
| theory | a system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigation |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| transmission electron microscope (TEM) | a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of specimen and that can magnify up to 200,000 times |
| unicellular | describes and organism that consists of a single cell |
Created by:
alicemb00
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