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AP Bio Chapter 38
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| alternation of generation | in which a haploid and diploid generations take turns producing each other |
| sporophyte | produces haploid spores by meiosis |
| gametophytes | multicellular males and females, the haploid generation |
| sepals | a whorl of modified leaves in angiosperms that encloses and protects the flower bud before it opens |
| petals | pretty = ) used to play games with i.e. he loves me, he loves me not.... |
| stamens | the pollen producing male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of another filament |
| carpels | the female reproductive organ of a flower,consisting of stigma, style, and ovary |
| ovules | where embryonic sacs develop, which are enclosed by the ovaries |
| complete flowers | those having all four organs |
| incomplete flowers | those lacking one or more of the four floral parts |
| perfect flower | can be incomplete and lack petals, equipped with both stamen and carpels |
| imperfect flower | flowers missing either stamen or carpels |
| monoecious | when staminate and carplate flowers are located on the same individual plant (one house) |
| dioecious | species has staminate flowers and carpellate flowers on separate plants |
| microspore | a haploid division of microsporocyte, eventually undergoes mitosis and produces a generative cell and a tube cell |
| megaspore | a haploid division of megasprocyte, in some angiosperms only 1 survives |
| embryo sac | the female gametophyte |
| pollination | bringing male and female gametophytes together, placing pollen onto the stigma of a carpel |
| self-incompatible | if a pollen grain from another happens to land on a stigma of a flower on the same plant, a biochemical block prevents the pollen from completing its development and fertilizing an egg |
| endosperm | a food storing tissue |
| double fertilization | the union of two sperm cells with different cells of the embryonic sac |
| seed coat | enclosing the embryo and food supply, formed by the integuments of the ovule, the progenitor of the seed |
| hypocotyl | the embryonic axis, terminates the radicle |
| radicle | embryonic root |
| epicotyl | portion of the embryonic axis above the cotyledons |
| scutellum | specialize type of cotyledon found in members of the grass family like corn and wheat |
| coleorhiza | covers the root |
| coleoptile | cloaks the embryonic shoot |
| fruit | yummy!, protects the enclosed seeds and aids in their dispersal by wind or animals |
| pericarp | thickened wall of the fruit |
| simple fruit | fruit derived from a single ovary, cherry |
| aggregate fruit | blackberry, result from a single flower that has several carpels |
| multiple fruit | pineapple, develops from inflorescence, a group of flowers tightly clustered together |
| imbibition | the absorption of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed |
| vegetative reproduction | when plant species clone themselves by asexual reproduction |
| fragmentation | the separation of a parent plant into modes of vegetative reproduction |
| apomixis | asexual production of seeds |
| callus | undifferentiated cells formed by mass dividing at the shoot |
| stock | the plant that provides the root system |
| scion | the twig grafted onto the stock |
| protoplast fusion | a technique working with tissue cultures to create new plant variates that can be cloned |
| monoculture | the cultivation of large areas of land with a single plant variety |
| development | the sum of all of the changes that progressively elaborate an organism's body |
| growth | an irreversible increase in size, results from cell division and cell enlargement |
| morphogenesis | the development of form |
| cellular differentiation | the acquisition of a cell's specific structural and functional features |
| preprophase band | microtubules in the cortex of the cell become concentrated into a ring |
| pattern formation | the development of specific structures at specific locations |
| positional information | signals of some kind that indicate each cell's location within an embryonic structure |
| meristem identity genes | switching on the floral gene, activated genes for developing the floral meristem |
| organ-identity genes | substitute one type of floral organ where another would normally form |
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stophammertime1290
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