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chapter 8 vocab-bio
genes and dna
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Bacteriophage | takes over a bacterium's genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses |
Nucleotides | the small units, or monomers, that makes up DNA |
Double Helix | two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted latter |
Base Pairing Rules | T always pairs with A and C always pairs with G |
Replication | this process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
DNA Polymerases | a group of enzymes bond the new nucleotides together |
Central Dogma | states that information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to protiens |
RNA | ribonucleic acid, is the chain of nucleotides, each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base |
Transcription | is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
RNA Polymerase | enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) | is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | forms part of ribosomes, a cells protein factories |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) | brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
Translation | is the process that converts or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
Codon | a three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid |
Stop Codon | signal the end of the amino acid chain |
Start Codon | which signals the start of translation and the amino acid methionine |
Anticodon | is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon |