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Chapter 8 vocab.
DNA/Genes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleotide | The small units, or monomers that make up DNA |
| Double helix | Two strands of DNA that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. |
| Base paring rules | Thymine always pairs with adenine, and cytosine always pairs with guanine |
| Replication | The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
| DNA polymerases | A group of enzymes that bond new nucleotides together |
| Central dogma | The central idea |
| RNA | A chain of nucleotides that are each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nirtogen-containing base |
| Transcription | The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
| RNA polymerases | Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
| Messenger RNA | An intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
| Ribosomal RNA | Forms part of ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA | Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
| Translation | The process that converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
| Codon | A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid |
| Stop codon | Signal the end of the amino acid chain |
| Start codon | Signals the start of the translation and the amino acid methionine |
| Anticodon | A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon |
Created by:
phillkay1565
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