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Chapter 8 vocab.
DNA/Genes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nucleotide | The small units, or monomers that make up DNA |
Double helix | Two strands of DNA that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. |
Base paring rules | Thymine always pairs with adenine, and cytosine always pairs with guanine |
Replication | The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
DNA polymerases | A group of enzymes that bond new nucleotides together |
Central dogma | The central idea |
RNA | A chain of nucleotides that are each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nirtogen-containing base |
Transcription | The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
RNA polymerases | Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
Messenger RNA | An intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
Ribosomal RNA | Forms part of ribosomes |
Transfer RNA | Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
Translation | The process that converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
Codon | A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid |
Stop codon | Signal the end of the amino acid chain |
Start codon | Signals the start of the translation and the amino acid methionine |
Anticodon | A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon |