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Chapter 8 vocab
DNA and Genes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nucleotide | Small units or monomers that make up DNA |
Double Helix | Two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder |
Base Pairing Rules | Thymine (T) always pairs with adenine (A), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G) |
Replication | The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
DNA Polymerase | A group of enzymes that bond new nucleotides together |
Central Dogma | A theory that states that in cells information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins |
RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
Transcription | The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
RNA Polymerase | Enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) | Is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | Forms part of ribosomes in a cells protein factories |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) | Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
Translation | The process that coverts or translates an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
Codon | A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid |
Stop Codon | Signal the end of the amino acid chain |
Start Codon | Signals the start of translation and the amino acid methionine |
Anticodon | A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon |