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Ch. 8 Voc.

DNA and Genes

TermDefinition
Nucleotide The small units, or monomers, that make up DNA
Double Helix Model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which to strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder
Base Paring Rules Rule that describes how nucleotides form
Replication Process by which DNA is copied
DNA Polymerase Enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication
Central Dogma Theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to protiens
RNA Nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis
Transcription Process of copying a nucleotides sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA
RNA Polymerase Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) RNA that is in the ribosome and guides he translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Translation Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
Codon Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid
Stop Codon Codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation
Start Codon Codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein
Anticodon Set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation
Created by: forsysha2871
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