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Clinical Terms
Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acromegaly | An abnormal enlargement of the extremities of middle-age persons, especially the cranial and facial bones, and the bones of the hands and feet. Due to hypersecretion of HGH. |
| Arthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune disorder which the synovial membrane of the joint becomes inflamed and thickens forming a mass called a mannus. The joint may ossify in time. Accompanies by fatigue, muscular atrophy, anemia and osteoporosis. |
| Osteoarthritis | Most common form of arthritis. The area of the joint deforms. The articular cartilage softens and disintegrates. The joints become painful and movement restricted. |
| Lyme Arthritis | A bacterial infection passed in the tick bite causing rash, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, and pains. Several weeks later intermitten arthritis of several joints may develop. Antibiotic treatment can be used to prevent development of arthritis. |
| Bunion | Abnormal thickening, swelling, and inflammation of the bursa of the great toe, resulting in a lateral displacement. Usually caused by excessively tight shoes. |
| Claw-foot | A deformity, sometimes hereditary, of the foot where the longitundinal arch is extremely high and there is a flexion of the distal joints. |
| Cleft palate/lip | A congenital defect in the fusion of the embryonic maxillary and or median nasal process leading to a minor or major fissure of the soft and or bone tissues of the lip and palate. May be unilateral or bilateral, complete or incomplete. Surgical repair is |
| Craniofacial Dysostosis | A hereditary defect in the ossification of the fetal cranial and facial bones resulting in acrocephaly (cone shaped skull), exophthalmic (bulging eyeballs), strabismus (eyes don't line up), and a parrot beaked nose. AKA crousons disease. |
| Cushings Disease | Syndrome characterized by the excessive elaboration of cortisol (hormone used in carb and protein metabolism), resulting in truncal obesity, moon face, hypertension, acne, weakness and osteoporosis. |
| Deviated Nasal Septum | A laterally deflected nasal septum that, if severe, may block a nasal passageway, requiring surgery. |
| Double-Jointed | Unusually flexible joint that allows greater mobility than normal. |
| Dysostosis | Term referring to defective ossification. Often a genetic defect in the normal calcification of fetal cartilage. |
| Exostosis | A benign horny growth that projects from the surface of the bone, usually capped with cartilage. |
| Ganglion | Small cystic lesion most commonly found in the collagenous connective tissue of a joint capsule of a tendon such as the small joint of the wrist. Easily removed surgically. |
| Knock-knee | Deformity in which the knees rub or knock against each other while walking. Usually occurs in children as a result of irregular growth of the leg bones, injury to the ligaments, or injury to the ends of the bones. |
| Macrocephaly | An abnormal enlargement of the cranium. May be due to improper fusion or development of the fontanels or to continued production of growth hormones. |
| Microcephaly | An abnormally small cranium. Often due to premature closure of the fontanels. |
| Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (Von Recklinghausen's Disease) | A condition of prolonged or severe hyperparathyroidism causing chronic bone absorption and destruction due to continued demineralization of the bone tissue. |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecti (Brittle Bone) | One of the most common hereditary bone diseases, characterized by a defective synthesis of the organic and inorganic matrix of bone. Thin poorly-formed bones, multiple fractures, loose-jointedness, and discoloration of the teeth are signs. |
| Osteoid Osteoma | Small benign, painful, neoplasm, most commonly found in the diaphysis of the tibia and femur. Tends to occur in young adult males and with no known reason. Surgical removal required. |
| Osteomalacia | Softening of the bones due to inadequate mineralization caused by insufficient calcium or vitamin D (rickets). |
| Osteoporosis | Any condition in which bone breakdown outraces bone formation causes bones to be porous and weaken. |
| Osteomyelitis | A pyrogenic infection of the bone and especially bone marrow. Most cases begin as an acute infection. Symptoms include malaise, fatigue, chills, leukocytosis, and intense throbbing pain in affected areas. |
| Pagets Disease | Excessive abnormal bone remodeling. May be initiated by a virus. Usually localized in the spine, pelvis, femur, and skull. Rarely seen before age 40. |
| Polydactyly | Congenial disorder usually resulting in the presence of supernumerary fingers or toes. |
| Rheumatism | Generalized term used to denote any of a variety of disorders affecting the joints and related structures that are characterized by inflammation, pain, stiffness, limited motion, and degeneration of the tissue. |
| Syndactyly | Common disorder, usually congenital, resulting in the persistence of webbing between adjacent fingers or toes, resulting in digits that are more or less completely attached. |
| Tenosynovitis | An inflammation of the sheaths surrounding a tendon, associated most often with athletes. May also arise from bacterial infections. |
| Whiplash | Injury to the cervical vertebrae caused by sudden jerking or backward forward motion. In severe cases, the dens of the axis may be driven into the medulla resulting in death. |
| Abnormal Spinal Curves | May be congenital or result from disease or poor posture. |
| Lordosis | Swayback, lumbar curve is accentuated. Can be from TB or Rickets. |
| Kyphosis | Hunchback, Thoracic curve is accentuated. Common in aged individuals because of osteoporosis, but may be from TB of the spine, rickets, or osteomalacia. |
| Scolliosis | Latural curvature usually in the thoracic region. Body braces and surgery are used fro severe cases. |
Created by:
shelleyw
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