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chapter 8 vocab
biology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
nucleotides | the monomers that make up DNA |
double helix | two strands of DNA wound around each other like a twisted ladder |
base pairing rules | A with T. C with G |
replication | the process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
DNA polymerases | a group of enzymes that bond new nucleotides together |
central dogma | states information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
transcription | the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
RNA polymerases | enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
messenger RNA (mRNA) | an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | forms part of ribosomes, a cell's factories |
transfer RNA (tRNA) | brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the grouping protein |
translation | the process that translates an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
codon | a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid |
stop codon | signal the end of the amino acid chain |
start codon | signal the start of translation and the amino acid methionine |
anticodon | a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to a mRNA codon |