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Chapter 8 Vocab
Biology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
nucleotides | small units, or monomers, that make up DNA |
double helix | 2 strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder |
base pairing | thymine with adenine: cytosine with guanine: rule that describes how nucleotides form bond in DNA |
replication | DNA copied during the cell cycle |
DNA polmerases | enzymes that form bonds between nucleotides during replication |
central dogma | of molecular biology, information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins |
RNA | ribonucleic acid, is a chain of nucleotides, made of sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen containing base |
transcription | is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
RNA polymerases | enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
messenger RNA | an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
Ribosomal RNA | forms part of ribosomes, a cells protein factories |
transfer RNA | brings amino aids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
translation | is the process that converts or translates, and mRNA message into a polypeptide |
stop condons | signals to end of amino acid chain |
start condons | signals the start of translation and amino acid methionine |
condon | a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid |
anticondon | set of three nucleotides that is complementary to and mRNA condon |