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Chapter 8 Vocab
Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nucleotides | small units, or monomers, that make up DNA |
| double helix | 2 strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder |
| base pairing | thymine with adenine: cytosine with guanine: rule that describes how nucleotides form bond in DNA |
| replication | DNA copied during the cell cycle |
| DNA polmerases | enzymes that form bonds between nucleotides during replication |
| central dogma | of molecular biology, information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, is a chain of nucleotides, made of sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen containing base |
| transcription | is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA |
| RNA polymerases | enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
| messenger RNA | an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
| Ribosomal RNA | forms part of ribosomes, a cells protein factories |
| transfer RNA | brings amino aids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
| translation | is the process that converts or translates, and mRNA message into a polypeptide |
| stop condons | signals to end of amino acid chain |
| start condons | signals the start of translation and amino acid methionine |
| condon | a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid |
| anticondon | set of three nucleotides that is complementary to and mRNA condon |