click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chapter 8 vocab
biology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
nucleotide | monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base |
double helix | model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule in which 2 strands wind around one another to that of a twisted ladder |
base pairing rules | rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; adenine (A) always bond with thymine (T) and guanine (G) always bonds with cytosine (C) |
replication | process by which DNA is copied |
DNA polymerase | enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication |
central dogma | theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins |
RNA | nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis |
transcription | process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA. |
RNA polymerase | enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template |
messenger RNA (mRNA) | form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for protein synthesis |
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock |
transfer RNA (tRNA) | form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
translation | process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced |
codon | sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for 1 amino acid |
stop codon | codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation |
start codon | codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein |
anticodon | set of 3 nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation |