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CP Cell Division
cell division chapter 8
Question | Answer |
---|---|
chromosome | DNA wrapped around histone proteins |
histone | protein in which DNA wraps itself around within the nucleus |
chromatid | half of a chromosome |
centromere | the point in which chromatids attach |
chromatin | less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex |
sex chromosome | X or Y chromosome- determines gender |
autosome | a chromosome other than a sex chromosome |
homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes |
karotype | picture of a person chromosomes |
diploid | a full set of chromosomes- 46 in humans (somatic cells) |
2n | diploid |
haploid | half a set of chromosomes- 23 in humans (sex cells) |
somatic cells | body cells- any cell other than sex cells |
binary fission | asexual reproduction that bacteria perform |
mitosis | cell division- PMAT |
gamete | sex cell |
interphase | G1, S, G2 - cells spend most of their time in this phase |
cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm |
prophase | chromatin condenses into chromosomes |
spindle fiber | fibers that pull chromosomes across the cell |
metaphase | chromosomes meet in the middle |
anaphase | chromosomes get pulled apart |
telophase | two cells (two nuclei) result |
cell plate | the plate that separates two PLANT cells at the end of telophase |
cleavage furrow | the indentation that happens when two ANIMAL cells go through cytokinesis |
checkpoints | signals that trigger the cell to advance through the cell cycle |
crossing over | process that occurs of prophase 1 of meiosis that increases genetic diversity |
spermatogenesis | meiosis of a germline cell that creates 4 sperm cells in men |
oogenesis | meiosis of a germline cell that creates 1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies in women |
sexual reproduction | require two parents, egg and sperm |
mitosis | 1 diploid cell makes 2 diploid cells that are identical |
meiosis | 1 diploid cell makes 4 haploid cells that are all unique |