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PCHSbio10chapter8
words for chapter 8 bio 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| genetics | the science of herdity and of the meachanisms by which traits are passed from parent to parent |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair at contrasting traits |
| true breeding | describing organisms or geonotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait |
| p-generation | parental generation, the first two individuals that make a genetic cross |
| F1 generation | the first generation of offspring obtained from on experimental cross of two organsims |
| F2 Generation | the second geration of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation |
| Allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| Dominant | the expressed allele |
| Homozygous | descibes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologus chromosomes |
| Recessive | the allele not expressed |
| Heterozygous | describes an individual that has 2 different alleles for a trait |
| genotype | the entire genetic make-up of an organsim; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| Phenotype | an organisms apperaence or other detectable characteristic that results from the organsims genotype and the enviroment |
| law of segregation | Mendle's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromomsomes seperate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete |
| law of independent assortment | the law that states that genes seperate independatly of one another in meiosis |
| Punnett Square | a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
| Test cross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| Probability | the liklihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the vent; the mathmatical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes |
| pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
| sex-linked gene | affects are only seen in males |
| polygenic inheritance | when several genes influence a character |
| incomplete dominance | a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual is 2 parents because the dominat allele is unable to express itself fully (instead of pink or red, you get pink) |
| Mulitple Alleles | more than 2 alleles for a genetic trait |
| Codominace | a condiction in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
Created by:
IntelligentAlchemist
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