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DNA
Vocab from the unit on DNA
| Question/Term | Answer/Definition |
|---|---|
| The shape of DNA | Double Helix |
| Adenine pairs with.... | Thymine pairs with... (DNA only) |
| Cytosine pairs with... | Guanine pairs with... |
| Building blocks of DNA/RNA | Nucleotide |
| Adenine pairs with (only in RNA)... | Uracil pairs with (only in RNA)... |
| Building blocks of proteins | Amino Acids |
| Types of bonds that hold DNA together | Hydrogen bonds |
| Three parts of a nucleotide | Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base |
| Chargaff's Base-Pairing Rules | A always pairs with T (always same amount of A and T) G always pairs with C (always same amount of G and C) |
| What makes up the backbone/sides of DNA? | Phosphate and Sugar |
| What makes up the rungs/steps of DNA ladder? | Nitrogen Bases A, T, G, C |
| Differences between DNA and RNA? | DNA is double stranded, RNA single strand DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil DNA has deoxyribose, RNA ribose sugar |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA that copies gene on DNA and brings message from nucleus to ribosome |
| tRNA | transfer RNA that brings amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA- substance that makes up ribosomes along with proteins |
| codon | 3 letter sequence on mRNA that codes for amino acid |
| anti-codon | 3 letter sequence on tRNA that matches up with codon on mRNA |
| ribosome | the location of protein synthesis |
| transcription | copying code on DNA to mRNA in the NUCLEUS |
| translation | using the mRNA to code for specific protein AT the RIBOSOME |
| Mutation | Mistake in the DNA code |
| Selective Breeding | Form of artificial selection where humans choose traits they want to see in an organism |
| DNA fingerprinting | Form of DNA technology where specific DNA points on several organisms of the same species are mapped to look for similarities (used often in criminal investigations to compare crime scene DNA with suspect DNA) |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | DNA technology that makes millions of copies of a segment of DNA in order to study them in greater detail. |
| Human Genome Project | Collaboration of many scientists worldwide to sequence the entire human DNA code Could help identify and cure diseases |
| DNA Replication | The copying of DNA before cell division (mitosis or meiosis). Occurs in "S" of interphase. |
| CRISPR | A technology used to edit genes in DNA within the cell. Basically, CRISPR finds specific genes, cuts them, and introduces mutations that can change the effect of the gene. |
| Enzyme that unzips DNA before replication | Helicase |
| Enzyme that builds new DNA strand | DNA Polymerase |
Created by:
Rylands
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