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Ch 25-Life Sci
Study Guide
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Explain the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. | Central = brain & spinal cord: peripheral - all parts of nervous system except spinal cord and brain |
Explain what a dendrite does. | receives information from other cells within the body |
Explain what a axon does. | carries nerve impulses away from the neuron to the next neuron |
What is a neuron? | nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses. |
What part of the nerve cell stores the nucleus and organelles? | Cell body |
Which way does a nerve impulse flow from axon, dendrite and cell body? | dendrite ----> cell body -----> axon |
Explain the differences between sensory and motor neurons. | sensory: gather information about what is happening in and around your body; motor: send impulses from brain & spinal cord to other systems. |
Give examples of a sensory impulse. | receptors in eye detect light, receptors in ear sense vibrations, taste, smell |
Give examples of a motor impulse. | muscles contracting (muscles get impulse from motor neurons); clapping your hands (impulses sent from brain to hands) |
Where do sensory impulses travel to? | to the central nervous system |
Where do motor impulses travel to? | to other systems in the body |
What is a nerve? | it is a collection of axons bundled together with blood vessels and connective tissue. |
Explain what a somatic nerve response would be. | responses you can control |
Explain what an autonomic nerve response would be. | responses are automatic |
Give examples of a somatic nerve response. | smiling, talking, jumping |
Give examples of a autonomic nerve response. | digestion, breathing, heart rate |
What is the brain? | main control center of the nervous system |
Explain what the cerebrum does for your body. | where you think; most memories stored there - controls voluntary movements and lets you sense touch, light, sound, odors, taste, pain, heat and cold. |
Explain what the cerebellum does for your body. | process sensory information from your body; allow brain to keep track of your body's position - so helps keep your balance. |
Explain what the medulla does for your body. | connects to you spinal cord; controls involuntary processes like blood pressure, body temp, heart rate, etc. |
What is the largest part of the brain? | cerebrum |
What is the function of the spinal cord? | nerve fibers in your spinal cord lets your brain communicate with you peripheral nervous system. |
List ares of the body where senses of touch occur, | skin - throughout our body |
What is a reflex? | an involuntary and almost immediate movement in response to a stimulous - is autonomic |
What part of the eye does light travel through? | the pupil and the lens |
What is the function of the iris? | it controls the amount of light that enters the eye and gives the eye its color |
On what part of the eye do you see images? | retina |
What is the job of the lens? | to focus the light onto the retina so we can see image |
What is farsighted? | lens focuses the light just behind the retina (can see far but not near) |
What is nearsighted? | the lens focuses the light in front of the retina (can see near but not far) |
What types of corrective lens corrects farsighted and then nearsighted? | convex lens (farsighted) bends light inward; concave lens (nearsighted) bends light rays outward |
What part of the ear has tiny bones that vibrate sound? | the middle ear - parts are stirrup, hammer and anvil |
What part of the ear receives sounds from the outside environment? | ear drum (tympanic membrane) |
Explain the function of the cochlea. | changes sound waves into vibrations and then sends them to brain so you can hear |
What type of sensor cell detects taste? | taste buds |
What part of the tongue detects salt, sweet, sour and bitterness? | Sweet and salt is on the tip of the tongue; sour - middle/sides of tongue; and bitterness - in the back |
The tiny bumps of the tongue that receive taste. | papillae |
Explain the function of the endocrine system. | collection of glands that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development and homeostasis. |
The organs of the endocrine system that produce chemicals for your body. | glands - thyroid, pituitary, thymus, pancreas |
What are the chemicals of the glands called? | hormones |
The type of hormone produce when someone becomes scared. | adrenaline/epinephrine |
What is the function of the pituitary gland? | stimulates skeletal growth and helps thyroid gland work. - controls endocrine system |