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Home Style Vocabular
Architectural Time periods in American History Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pueblo | adobe houses built on top of each other into cliffs and caves on level ground |
| Adobe | clay formed into sun-dried bricks and used as building materials |
| Half-timbered house | the wood frame of the house becomes part of the outside wall, used later in the Tudor Style |
| Thatch | bundles of reeds or straw |
| Shingles | thin, oblong pieces of material, then wood, now asphalt, that are laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof and then, the sides of a structure |
| clapboard | exterior house siding of boards with one edge thicker than the other, laid in overlapping rows to protect the walls from the elements. |
| Cape Cod House | simple rectangular design, a central chimney, and a pitched roof |
| pitched roof | a two-sided roof with a steep angle |
| gabled roof | a pitched roof that forms triangular end wall |
| gables | the triangular end walls of a pitched roof |
| Saltbox house | a two-story, pitched roof house with an extended roof line on one side to cover additional rooms on the first floor, named for asymmetrical long slope |
| Garrison House | has a second story that overhangs/projects atop the second story, first used on forts, to prevent attackers from scaling the walls |
| Gambrel roof | a roof with two slopes on each side, the upper slope being flatter than the lower slope |
| dormers | structure projecting through a steeply sloping roof, usually with a window to add light to the dark upper floor |
| Dutch-door | one divided in half horizontally, allowing the top half to stand open functioning as a window, while the lower half remains closed. |
| Coquina | a soft, porous limestone composed of shell and coral |
| Stucco | a plaster material composed of cement, sand, and lime |
| French Settlements | characterized by high, steep roofs, typically with small windows, and heavy shutters, later, a porch was added, with a broad roof extending around the house. In later versions, galleries (roofed balconies), were added with posts made of wood. |
| English immigrant materials | boards |
| Dutch immigrant materials | stone and brick |
| German immigrant materials | wood and quarry stone |
| Swedes immigrant materials | squared, hewn, interlocking logs |
| Spanish immigrant materials | cut stone, adobe bricks, and red tile roofs |
| Georgian Style | characterized by formal, ornate, with pilasters, pediments, and cornice, with a central or symmetrical chimneys with a gable or hip roof, and large windows with small panes. The front door is the focal point of the house. |
| hip roof | one with four sloped sides |
| pilasters | decorative, flattened columns framing the door, often with curved accents |
| pediment | structure over the top of the decoratively-paneled doorway, a triangular or arched decoration |
| cornice | a decorative strip where the roof and walls meet, often with dental molding, which is carved into a tooth-like design |
| Adam | uses Georgian styling combined with elements from classical Greek and Rome, generally rectangular design, possibly multi-storied, or a center section with wings, including gable roofs and decorative interiors with plaster and wood carvings. |
| Fanlight | a semi-circular, round, or oval window with fan-shaped panes of glass or in the pediment. |
| Early Classical Revival Style | developed by Thomas Jefferson, used for governmental buildings, row houses, and residences is similar to Adam Style, except that the Early Classical Revival Style includes a portico, as seen on the White House |
| Portico | a tall, open porch, supported by columns, over the front entrance, sometimes wide enough to drive a car underneath. |
| Tenements | apartment complexes with minimum standards of sanitation, safety, and comfort, usually inhabited by workers and their families |
| Greek Revival Style 1820-1860 | two-story rectangular house with symmetrically placed windows, a gable roof emphasized by trim at the cornice, pilasters, and an elaborate entrance |
| Gothic Revival Style 1840-1880 | pointed arches, circular windows, ornamentally carved stone, usually built of wood, with high-peaked Gothic gables, decorated with gingerbread |
| Gingerbread | lacy-looking cutout wood trim |
| Italianate Style 1840-1885 | square, two-stories high, with wide over-hanging hip roofs, with flat-topped copulas atop the roof and decorative brackets/supports at the cornices, long narrow windows commonly arched with an inverted u-shaped structure. |
| Mansard Style | of European design origin, decorated cornices, French windows, and dormers through a Mansard Roof |
| Mansard Roof | a roof having two slopes on each side, with the lower slope being steep, and the upper slope almost flat. |
| Queen Anne Style | irregular steep roof, with ornamental gables, overlapping decorative wood shingles for siding, and wraparound porches with railings and columns, possibly with a circular tower that extends the entire height of the building, and decorative woodwork. |
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AmyMurrell
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