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Biology Ch. 11
Gene Expression
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genome | The complete genetic material contained in an individual |
| gene expression | the activation of a gene that results in transcription and the production of mRNA |
| structural genes | DNA segment of genes that code for polypeptides |
| promoter | DNA segment that is recognized by RNA polymerase to initiate transcription |
| operator | DNA segment that controls the access of RNA polymerase to move along the structural genes |
| operon | series of genes that controls the products and the regulatory enzymes of the genes |
| repressor | protein that inhibits genes from being expressed when attached to the operator |
| inducer | a molecule that binds to the repressor, releasing it from the operator and allowing transcription to begin |
| lac operon | operon where lactose is used as the inducer |
| euchromatin | uncoiled sections of DNA that allows transcription |
| introns | are transcribed but not translated, get cut out |
| exons | are used for coding-- both transcribed and translated |
| pre-mRNA | form of mRNA that has both introns and exons |
| snurp | cut out introns to make mRNA |
| homeobox | DNA sequence that codes for proteins to regulate patterns of development |
| regulator | regulate cell growth and division |
| proto-oncogenes | regulate cell growth, division, and adherence of cells to others |
| tumor-suppressors | keep cell division from occurring too often |
| carcinogen | substance that can cause cancer |
| mutagen | causes mutations in cells |
| carcinomas | tumors in the skin and body organs |
| sarcomas | tumors in bone and muscle |
| lymphomas | tumors in the lymphatic system |
| leukemia | tumors in blood-forming tissues |