click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics
All the vocabulary for the Genetics Unit
Question/Term | Answer/Definition |
---|---|
Heredity | The inheritance of traits from parents to offspring |
Genotype | An organism's GENES (letters) EE, Ee, ee |
Phenotype | An organism's PHYSICAL appearance (observable traits) Eye color, hair color, stem length |
Gene | A sequence of bases or code in an organism's DNA that codes for a specific trait |
Allele | Alternative forms of the same gene ( ex: B=brown eyes, b=blue eyes) |
Homozygous | Two of the same allele (BB or bb) |
Heterozygous | Two different alleles (Bb) |
Dominant | Alleles/genes that overpower or mask the effect of a recessive allele |
Recessive | Alleles that are hidden when a dominant allele is present. The only way to observe the this is when both alleles are recessive (bb) |
Gregor Mendel | The "Father of Genetics." He experimented on pea plants. |
Law of Dominance | Dominant genes mask recessive genes. The only way to see recessive genes is to have only recessive genes. |
Law of Segregation | There are 2 copies of each gene. In meiosis, each gene in a pair separate so that each sex cell has half the DNA. |
Incomplete Dominance | Complex genetics where each each gene is not completely dominant over the other. When both alleles are present you get a BLEND. Red flowers crossed with White makes PINK |
Codominance | Complex genetics where each gene is equally dominant over the other. When both alleles are present you SEE BOTH traits. Black chicken crossed with White makes a black and white chicken. |
Blood Types | Co-dominance where A is codominant to B, and O is recessive |
Mutation | A mistake in the DNA genetic code. |
Carrier | A person who appears normal, but carries a recessive allele that they could pass to their offspring. Aa= Shows dominant trait, carries recessive allele |
Law of Independent Assortment | Genes from different traits are inherited independently of each other. |
F1 generation | When you cross homozygous dominant with homozygous recessive: BB x bb |
F2 generation | The cross between offspring of the F1 generation. Usually always heterozygous: Bb x Bb |