click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Ch 3
Structure and Function of Some Major Cell Parts
Term | Structure and Function |
---|---|
Plasma Membrane | Structure - Phospholipid bilayer studden with proteins Function - Serves as the boundary of the cell; protein and carbohydrate molecules on the outer surface perform various functions. |
Ribosomes | Structure - Tiny particles, each made up of rRNA subunits Function - Synthesize proteins; a cell's "protein factory" |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | Structure - Rough ER receives and transports reticulum synthesized proteins (from ribosomes); smooth ER synthesizes lipids and certain carbohydrates |
Golgi Apparatus | Structure - Stack of flattened, membranous sacs Function - Chemically processes, then packages substances from the ER |
Mitochondria | Structure - Membranous capsules containing a large, folded internal membrane encrusted with enzymes Function - ATP synthesis; a cell's "power plants" |
Lysosome | Structure - "Bubble" of hydrolysis enzymes encased by membrane Function - A cell's digestive bad; it breaks apart large molecules |
Centrosome | Structure - Area near nucleus without a visible boundary; contains centrioles Function - Organizes microtubules of the cytoskeleton |
Centrioles | Structure - Pair of hollow cylinders, each made up of tiny tubules within the centrosome Function - Help organize and move chromosomes during cell reproduction |
Microvilli | Structure - Tiny cell surface extensions supported by an internal cylinder made of microtubules Function - Increase surface area of plasma membrane for efficiency of absorption |
Cilia | Structure- Hairlike cell surface extensions supported by an internal cylinder made of microtubules Function - Sensory antennae to detect conditions outside the cell; some cilia also move substances over surface of the cell |
Flagellum | Structure - Long whiplike projection on the sperm Function - The only example in humans is the tail of a sperm cell, propelling the sperm through fluids |
Nucleus | Structure - Double membraned, spherical envelope containing DNA strands Function - Contains DNA, which dictates protein synthesis, thereby playing an essential role in other cell activities such as transport, metabolism, growth, and heredity |
Nucleolus | Structure - Dense region of the nucleus Function - Makes subunits that form ribosomes |