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Genetics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
genetics | the study of heredity |
chromosome | structure that holds genetic material-DNA |
nucleus | contains genetic material |
gene | section of DNA that controls a specific trait |
DNA | provides instructions for all body's functions; looks like a twisted ladder or double helix |
Gregor Mendel | Austrian monk who discovered patterns of inheritance are controlled by genes |
acquired trait | developed during life; ex. larger muscles |
inherited trait | traits passed from parents; born with; ex. blonde hair |
trait | a characteristic; ex. blue eyes |
fertilization | when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell |
allele | the letters that represent different forms of a gene; Dd |
traits | the different forms of a characteristic |
recessive | the trait that hides in the background and can only be expressed in homozygous form. |
genotype | combination of alleles |
homozygous/purebred | two alleles/letters for one trait that are the same. |
heterozygous/hybrid | two alleles/letters for one trait that are different. |
dominant | the trait that overshadows and is expressed. |
phenotype | the physical appearance of a trait. |
alleles | D or d |
traits | dimples |
recessive | d; no dimples |
genotype | Dd, dd, DD |
homozygous/purebred | DD, dd |
heterozygous/hybrid | Dd |
dominant | D; dimples |
phenotype | dimples |