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Genetics

QuestionAnswer
heredity the passing of traits from parents to offspring
genetics the study of heredity
chromosome structure that holds genetic material-DNA
nucleus contains genetic material
gene section of DNA that controls a specific trait
DNA provides instructions for all body's functions; looks like a twisted ladder or double helix
Gregor Mendel Austrian monk who discovered patterns of inheritance are controlled by genes
acquired trait developed during life; ex. larger muscles
inherited trait traits passed from parents; born with; ex. blonde hair
trait a characteristic; ex. blue eyes
fertilization when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell
allele the letters that represent different forms of a gene; Dd
traits the different forms of a characteristic
recessive the trait that hides in the background and can only be expressed in homozygous form.
genotype combination of alleles
homozygous/purebred two alleles/letters for one trait that are the same.
heterozygous/hybrid two alleles/letters for one trait that are different.
dominant the trait that overshadows and is expressed.
phenotype the physical appearance of a trait.
alleles D or d
traits dimples
recessive d; no dimples
genotype Dd, dd, DD
homozygous/purebred DD, dd
heterozygous/hybrid Dd
dominant D; dimples
phenotype dimples
Created by: tmaddox
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