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Molecular Genetics
Chapter 12 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nucleic acid | complex biomolecule that stores cellular information as a code |
| double helix | twisted ladder shape formed by two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other |
| template | a molecule of DNA that is a pattern for synthesis of a new DNA molecule |
| DNA polymerase | the enzyme that catalyzes (aids) the addition of nucleotides to the new DNA strand, one at a time. |
| semiconservative replication | DNA molecules formed through replication that have one parental strand and one new strand of DNA |
| synthesis | the composition or combination of parts to form a whole |
| RNA | a single stranded nucleic acid with ribose as the sugar. |
| messenger RNA | strands of RNA formed from DNA that travel from the nucleus to the ribosome to direct protein synthesis. |
| ribosomal RNA | type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes |
| transfer RNA | small segments of RNA that carry amino acids to the ribosome |
| intron | the parts of the mRNA transcript that are removed before the mRNA leaves the nucleus (doesn't code for the protein) |
| exon | the parts of the mRNA transcript that make up the final RNA that leaves the nucleus |
| codon | a three base code in DNA or RNA |
| translation | a process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled |
| transcription | a process in which the DNA code is transferred to mRNA in the nucleus |
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