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Molecular Genetics

Chapter 12 vocab

TermDefinition
nucleic acid complex biomolecule that stores cellular information as a code
double helix twisted ladder shape formed by two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other
template a molecule of DNA that is a pattern for synthesis of a new DNA molecule
DNA polymerase the enzyme that catalyzes (aids) the addition of nucleotides to the new DNA strand, one at a time.
semiconservative replication DNA molecules formed through replication that have one parental strand and one new strand of DNA
synthesis the composition or combination of parts to form a whole
RNA a single stranded nucleic acid with ribose as the sugar.
messenger RNA strands of RNA formed from DNA that travel from the nucleus to the ribosome to direct protein synthesis.
ribosomal RNA type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
transfer RNA small segments of RNA that carry amino acids to the ribosome
intron the parts of the mRNA transcript that are removed before the mRNA leaves the nucleus (doesn't code for the protein)
exon the parts of the mRNA transcript that make up the final RNA that leaves the nucleus
codon a three base code in DNA or RNA
translation a process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled
transcription a process in which the DNA code is transferred to mRNA in the nucleus
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