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Cellular anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many cells are in the body | 50-100 trillion cells |
| What are cells mainly composed of? | C, H, N, O |
| What are the three basic parts of of a cell | Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
| Two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum | Rough and smooth |
| Why is rough endoplasmic reticulum rough? | Ribosomes |
| What do ribosomes do | Make proteins and sends the to the smooth er |
| What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do | Organizes proteins given by the rough er to send to Golgi apparatus |
| Exocytosis | Golgi releases protein to the outside of the body |
| Integral protiens | Firmly inserted into the membrane, Transports protiens |
| Peripheral protiens | Loosely attached to integral proteins |
| What is the function of peripheral protiens | Enzymes, motor protiens, cell to cell links, cell recognition |
| Three types of membrane junctions | Tight junctions, Desmosomes Gap junctions |
| What is a tight junction | Prevents fluid and molecules from moving between cells |
| What is a desmosome | Rivet that holds cells together |
| What is a gap junction | A pore that allows small molecules to pass from cell to cell, Spreads ions between cardiac or smooth muscle cells |
| What is tonicity | The ability of a solution to cause a cell to shrink or swell |
| When a cell shrinks in tonicity | Hypertonic |
| When a cell swells in tonicity | Hypotonic |
| What is osmosis | The balancing of solute and solvent |
| What kind of transport uses osmosis | Passive transport |
| The cell neither swells or shrinks | Isotonic |
| What is the fluid in between the nucleus and the membrane | Cytoplasm |
| Two types if organelles in cytoplasm | Membranous and nonmembranous |
| What is the head part of the phospholipid unit? | Polar and hydrophilic |
| What is the tail part of the phsopholipid unit | Nonpolar and hydrophobic |
| Function of membrane protiens | Regulation, Moter proteins, Enzymes, Cell to cell links |
| How many different types of cells are there in the body | 200 |
| Cells consists of what elements | C,H,O,N |
| 6 properties of water | Hydrolysis and dehydration reactions, Major transport medium, High heat vaporization, High heat capacity, Neutral pH |
| What part of a cell synthesizes lipids and detoxifies toxic chemicals | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Production of glycogen from glucose is what kind of reaction | Synthesis |
| Vessicles | Cavities |
| Does mitosis or meiosis occur in all cells in the body | Mitosis |
| Meiosis affects | Sex cells |
| How many cells does mitosis make? | 2 |
| In meiosis I how many chromosomes are passed to the daughter cell | 23- half |
| In meiosis II how many chromosomes are passed to the second set of daughter cells? | 23 |
| How many chromosomes are passed to the daughter cells in mitosis | 46 |
| How many cells does meiosis make? | 4 |