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Biology Ch. 7
Question | Answer |
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Trait | A distinguishing characteristic passed down from parent to offspring |
Monohybrid Cross | A genetic cross that only deals with one set of characteristics |
Dihybrid Cross | A genetic cross dealing with two sets of characteristics |
Cross-pollination | The fertilization of a flower with the pollen of another flower |
Self-pollination | Pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower |
Dominant | The characteristic expressed even in the presence of a recessive gene |
Recessive | Characteristic that is only expressed in the homologous recessive condition |
Alleles | One of a pair of genes that have the same position on homologous chromosomes. |
Homozygous/Purebred | Both alleles in one organism are the same (RR)(rr) |
Heterozygous/Hybrid | Two different alleles at the same position on homologous chromosomes (Rr) |
Incomplete Dominance | Occurs in F1 chromosome Produces phenotype combination of the phenotype of the two parents |
Phenotype | based on Genotype The physical expression of an organisms genes |
Genotype | The genetic makeup of an individual organism |
Pedigree | A chart of the genetic history of a family over several generations |
Sex-Linked Traits | Traits located on the sex chromosome |
Gregor Mendel | Father of Genetics Discovered self vs cross pollination Discovered traits come from parents Experimented with peas to test pure vs hybrid |
Law of Dominance | parents with pure traits will only have 1 offspring with their form of the trait |
Law ofSegregation | during gamete formation, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other |
Law of Independent Assortment | alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells independently of one another |