click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
genes | control your traits by controlling how proteins are made |
heterozygous | two different alleles, Aa |
homozygous | two of the same alleles, aa |
genotype | genetic make up, what alleles someone has |
phenotype | physical characteristics |
dominant | trait that dominates, shows up, uppercase letter |
recessive | only shows up when there is no dominant allele, lowercase letter |
gametes | sex cells, eggs or sperm |
somatic cells | body cells |
haploid | half the # of chromosomes, only have one of each |
diploid | two of every chromosome |
homologous chromosome | are the same size and shape, carry the same genes. one comes from mom and the other comes from dad |
Law of Dominance | some alleles are dominant over other alleles |
Law of Segregation | meiosis separates chromosomes |
Law of Independent Assortment | the segregation of alleles for one trait does not affect the segregation of alleles for another trait |
autosomes | the first 22 pairs of chromosomes in humans, regular chromsosomes |
sex chromosomes | are XX for females and XY for males |
incomplete dominance | two alleles blend together, one is not totally dominant over another. Example: red and white flowers making pink flowers |
codominance | two alleles show up side by side. Example: a red cow and and a white cow breed and have a red and white spotted calf |
multiple alleles | there are more than two alleles for one gene. Example: blood type has A, B, or O alleles. |
polygenic traits | are controlled by many genes. Example: height, skin color, eye color |
Interaction of environment and phenotype | When your environment has an influence on how you look: Example, you have genes for light skin, but the sun makes your skin dark |
X-linked traits | are carried on the X chromosome so females get two alleles because they have XX and males only get one allele because they are XY |