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LE Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Single celled | organism made of just 1 cell |
| Transport | move from one place to another |
| Molecule | chemical compound; complex |
| Building block | what something is made of; what you put together to get something else |
| Ecosystem | all the living and nonliving (biotic & abiotic) substances in an area |
| Producer | organism that makes its own food (by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) |
| Consumer | organism that must eat other organisms for its food; cannot make its own food |
| Placenta | organ that supplies nutrients to fetus and removes wastes from fetus; connected to fetus by umbilical cord |
| Fetus | unborn offspring that is developing in the uterus in mammals |
| Uterus | organ where a fetus develops in mammals |
| Disruption | stopping a process or activity before it is completed |
| Offspring | sons or daughters born from parents |
| Identical | exactly the same right down to the DNA |
| Process | series of steps to achieve a result |
| Cloning | fusion of a skin or non sex nucleus into an egg that results in an identical offspring to parent of nuclear DNA |
| Fertilization | fusion of egg and a sperm |
| Meiotic cell division | division that results in 4 daughter cells with ½ the # of chromosomes |
| Selective breeding | 2 parents with trait wanted bred together to get desired trait in offspring; choosing a few organisms with a desired trait to mate to produce offspring with that trait. |
| Cell structure | part of the cell; organelles |
| Mitochondria | organelle responsible for cellular respiration (energy source); powerhouse of cell; mighty mitochondria |
| Synthesize | to put together to make a single substance |
| Organelles | cell structure that performs a specific function or job |
| Function | job of the organ or organelle or organism or niche of organism |
| Ultraviolet radiation | invisible rays from the sun that can cause mutations (changes from normal |
| Genetic change | change in DNA; can be passed down to future generations if in gametes; if in skin cells, cannot be passed down to offspring |
| Biofuel | fuel made from substances such as corn; (food products), used oil |
| Ecological | refers to the environment (usually in reference to protecting the environment) |
| Biodiversity | presence of a variety of version of a given trait in a species to ensure species survival: peppered moths – white & black coloring |
| Harvested | taking in the results of the growing season |
| Population | a group of a given species in a specific location – dogs, cats, lions, tigers, bears |
| Stability | a system is balanced; at homeostasis; no overall change in the system |
| Gene | a segment of DNA that contains the code for a specific trait |
| Trait | observable expression of a gene determined by 2 alleles of the gene |
| Gametes | egg & sperm; sex cells |
| Evolution | process by which species change over time |
| Species | group of organisms with the same characteristics and can mate with each other |
| Finite | definite or specific amount of time or amount; gone after that point |
| Circulation | transport of materials (blood) through the body; from one place to another by way of arteries, veins, capillaries & the heart |
| Mutations | changes in the genetic code (DNA) that produce changes in the body |
| Feedback mechanism | cycle where the outcome is either increased/enhanced (positive feedback) or decreased or stopped (negative feedback |
| Genetic engineering | human technology that alters genetic makeup of organisms, usually by substitution |
| Potential | possible ability |
| Pollution | a harmful change in the chemical make up of the soil, air or water |
| Regulate | control |
| Binary fission | split into 2 identical organism; form of asexual reproduction |
| Organic molecules | molecules that have both C & H in them; proteins, carbohydrates, fats & lipids, DNA, RNA (amino acids, simple sugars, glycerol & fatty acids) |
| Autotrophic | makes own food |
| Heterotrophic | cannot make own food, must take in food |
| Chromosome | threadlike strand that contains DNA |
| Chemical reaction | when 2 or more chemicals react to form a new product |
| Metabolic | life activities that cells and living organism undergo: growth, reproduction, response to environment, digestion, excretion, respiration, circulation |
| Asexual reproduction | reproduction that results in 2 offspring identical to the parent with the same number of chromosome |
| Antibiotics | man made medicine used to kill bacterial cells and fight infections |
| Bacteria | single celled organism that lacks a nucleus; pathogen (foreign to the body |
| Antibiotic resistant bacteria | bacteria that contain genetic blueprint that makes them resistant to antibiotics; antibiotics don’t kill them |
| Virus | nonliving protein particle with genetic material that invades cells and replicates; pathogen |
| Vaccination | an injection containing a vaccine (a weakened, killed or partial piece of the virus) |
| Pathogen | foreign substance that invades the body causing disease |
| Resources | available material needed for a specific purpose (to supply energy --> coal, oil, water, wind…) |
| Stability | balance; homeostasis; dynamic equilibrium |
| Malfunction | doesn’t work right |
| Circulatory system | organ system responsible for transporting materials throughout your body; includes heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood (plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets |
| Inorganic materials | materials that have C or H but not both together; CO2, H2O, acids, bases, salts |
| Cytoplasm | fluid portion of the cell where biochemical reactions occur |
| Chloroplast | found in green plants; site of photosynthesis |
| Guard cells | cells that surround the stomates; open & close to control water loss |
| Stomates | openings at the undersides of leafs that allow water and gas exchange between plant & environment |
| Absorption | to take in by diffusion (no energy needed); nutrients, water, oxygen |
| Synthesis | the putting together of substances; making a larger molecule from smaller ones: aa + aa --> protein; simple sugar + simple sugar --> starch or carb; 3 fatty acids + glycerol --> lipid |
| Active transport | low to high concentration with the use of energy |
| Passive transport or diffusion | high to low without the use of energy |
| Deletion | removal of nitrogenous bases resulting in a shortening of the segment of DNA |
| Insertion | addition of nitrogenous bases resulting in a lengthening of the DNA segment |
| Substitution | replacing of one nitrogenous base with another |
| Replication | make an exact copy of the DNA segment |
| Consequence | a result of an action |
| Digestion | to break down large nutrient molecules into smaller ones by use of enzymes (starch --> simple sugars, proteins --> amino acids, lipids --> fatty acids & glycerol) (opposite of synthesis) |
| Phenotype | genetic characteristics that can be observed |
| Genotype | genetic make up of trait |
| Niche | job or role of organism in the ecosystem |
| Habitat | place where an organism lives |
| Ecological succession | the replacement of organisms in an environment due to environmental changes |
| Antibody | substance produced by the immune system (WBCs) to fight off infection |
| Hypothesis | educated guess as to the answer to a question or problem |
| Validity | the ability to obtain the same results with repeated testing (single variable, large sampling, repeatable) |
| Clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| Inference | a conclusion or deduction based on observations |
| Prey | animal that is hunted and eaten |
| Predator | animal that does the hunting |
| Carrying capacity | the largest population of any single species that an area can support |
| Feedback | action will result in a reaction to return system to equilibrium |
| Positive feedback | action will result in increase of the reaction |
| Negative feedback | action will result in decrease of the reaction |
Created by:
jgarrisi
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