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BIO121-ch5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecological succession | process by which an ecosystem matures; it is gradual, sequential, and somewhat predictable change in the composition of the community |
| ecosystem development | takes into account the accompanying modifications in the physical environment brought about by the actions of living organisms |
| primary succession | development of a new ecosystem in an area previously devoid of organisms |
| secondary succession | regrowth that occurs after an ecosystem has been disturbed, often by human activity |
| pioneer species | hardy organisms like lichens and microbes that are capable of becoming established on bare rock and beginning the soil-building process |
| climax community | association of organisms best adapted to the physical conditions of a define geographic area |
| ecotone | edge community |
| dynamic equilibrium | property of constant adjustment to change, maintaining an overall balance |
| feedback | any factor which influences the same trend that produced it |
| positive feedback | output that promotes a trend |
| resiliency | capacity of an ecosystem to undergo change and return to a similar, but not exact, system configuration |
| negative feedback | output that interferes with the trend which produced it |
| inertia | ability of an ecosystem to resist change |
| intraspecific competition | competition between members of the same species |
| interspecific competition | competition between members of different species |
| niche | complete ecological description of an individual species, including all the physical, chemical, and biological factors that the species needs to survive and fulfill its role in the community |
| competitive exclusion principle | different species with similar requirements sometimes compete to the elimination of on of them |
| symbiosis | intimate association of 2 dissimilar species, regardless of the benefits or lack of them to both species |
| mutualism | an association of 2 species in which both benefit |
| commensalism | an association of 2 species in which one benefits and the other neigh benefits not is harmed |
| parasitism | association of 2 species in which one benefits and the other is harmed |
| - predation | one species consumes another |
| biotic potential | maximum growth rate that a population could achieve, given unlimited resources and ideal environmental conditions |
| environmental resistance | limiting factors |
| carrying capacity | the population size that can best be supported by the environment over time |
| density-dependent factors | biotic; their effect is greater when population density is high |
| density-independent factors | abiotic and independent of population size |
| diversity-stability hypothesis | biodiversity promotes resistance 2 disturbance cause species differ in traits more diverse ecosystems are likely 2 contain some species that can thrive during environmental disturbance, species should b able 2 compensate 4 species affected by disturbance |
| rivet hypothesis | likens species in an ecosystem to the rivets that hold together an airplane: Some species may be redundant, but others are not; therefore removing species beyond a threshold number may cause the ecosystem to collapse |
| redundancy hypothesis | contends that there is considerable overlap in the roles that species play within an ecosystem as long as others which play the same role persist |
| null hypothesis | ecosystem functions or processes are insensitive to the addition or deletion of species |
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tallzy14
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