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Biology Ch. 4
Cells and Energy Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
ATP | A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes. |
ADP | A lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by adding a phosphate group. |
Chemosynthesis | A process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules. |
Photosynthesis | A process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy. |
Chlorophyll | A molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light. |
Electron transport chain | Series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons. |
Calvin cycle | Process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from CO2. |
Cellular respiration | Process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon based molecules when oxygen is present. |
Aerobic | Process that requires oxygen to occur. |
Glycolysis | Anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two net ATP are produced. |
Anaerobic | Process that does not require oxygen to occur. |
Krebs cycle | Process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain. |
Fermentation | Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis. |
Lactic acid | Product of fermentation in many types of cells including human muscle cells. |