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Organism kingdoms
iGCSE the kingdoms under which all living organisms are classified
Kingdom | Description & Example |
---|---|
Plants - Examples: cereals such as maize, herbaceous legumes such as peas or beans | Multicellular; Cells contain chloroplasts and can carry out photosynthesis; Cells have cellulose cell walls; Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose |
Animals - Examples: mammals such as humans, insects such as mosquitoes | Multicellular; Cells do not contain chloroplasts or carry out photosynthesis; No cell walls; Store carbohydrates as glycogen |
Fungi - Examples: Mucor (hyphal structure), yeast (single-celled) | Single or multicellular; Often made of long, threadlike "hyphae" - contain many nuclei; Cell walls made of chitin; Feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto their food and absorbing the organic products - saprotrophic nutrition |
Bacteria - Examples: Lactobacillus Bulgaricus (rod-shaped, used in converting milk to yoghurt), Pneumococcus (spherical, causes pneumonia) | Microscopic; Single-celled; Possess cell walls, cell membranes, cytoplasm and plasmids; Lack a nucleus, but possess circular chromosome of DNA; Some carry out photosynthesis, but most feed off other organisms |
Protoctists | Single celled; Some (e.g. Chlorella) have chloroplasts and are like plant cells; Some (e.g. Amoeba) have features like an animal cells; Some are pathogenic, like Plasmodium, which causes malaria |
Viruses - Examples: Tobacco Mosaic Virus (prevents formation of chloroplasts in plant leaves), Influenza (causes "flu") | NOT LIVING ORGANISMS; Smaller than bacteria; Parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells; Wide variety of shapes and sizes; No cellular structure, but possess a protein coat and either DNA or RNA |