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Bio Final (Exam 2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| population | all of a species in one location |
| population ecology | the study of how populations interact with each other and their environments |
| population density | the distribution of a population throughout a region |
| demography | quantitative study of populations |
| homeostasis | maintaining relatively stable internal conditions |
| survivorship curve | visual representation of the mortality rate across a lifetime |
| behavioral adaptation | a change in behavior that makes an organism better adapted to its environment |
| exponential growth | the way in which populations grow when there is no limit to their growth |
| ecological footprint | the amount of fertile land needed by one organism at their standard of life |
| population range | where a population lives |
| life table of a cohort | a table following a certain age group of a population from birth through death of the last one, showing fecundity and survival rates |
| fecundity | characteristic birth rate |
| spacing patterns of populations | random, grouped, uniform |
| random population spacing | occurs when there isn't much interaction |
| grouped population spacing | when one organism makes conditions more favorable for the others |
| uniform population spacing | occurs when there are factors such as competition or territories |
| carrying capacity (K) | the maximum population that an environment can support |
| semelparity | one big reproductive event followed by death |
| iteroparity | repeated mating events over multiple seasons |
| community | all of the species living in a certain area |
| community ecology | the study of how communities interact within, with each other, and with their environment |
| species richness | how many species there are in an area |
| keystone species | a species which exerts an unusually large influence on the surrounding community |
| primary productivity | the activity done by primary producers |
| succession | the growth or regrowth of a community |
| ecological niche | the specific role and place of a species |
| climax community | the final community that forms at the end of succession |
| predation | one species feeds on another |
| coevolution | when species cause each other to evolve by placing a strong selective pressure on them |
| competitive exclusion principle | if two species compete for a limited resource, the better adapted one will drive the other to extinction |
| cryptic coloration | camouflage to blend in |
| resource partitioning | if the resources are divided, two groups can survive in the same environment |
| mimicry | appearing like another organism to benefit from mistaken identity |
| character displacement | selection prefers those species which use untapped resources |
| commensalism | form of symbiosis in which one species benefits and the other isn't effected |
| symbiosis | when two organisms have a long term close interaction |
| primary successsion | from scratch |
| secondary succession | from something |
| ecosystem | all of the biotic and abiotic aspects of a place |
| ecosystem ecology | the study of how ecosystems interact with one another and the environment |
| primary producer | autotrophs which get energy directly from the enviroment |
| heterotroph | organisms which get energy from other organisms |
| trophic level | a way of measuring how far removed from the sun an organism is in terms of energy source |
| food chain | a linear progression of energy through trophic levels |
| pyramid of numbers | broken up by trophic level |
| pyramid of biomass | broken up by trophic level (can be inverted) |
| pyramid of energy | can't be inverted |
| energy flow diagrams | show the progression of energy |
| eutrophication | when large amounts of nutrients runoff into water, causing them to get choked with plants. As those plants die and decompose, the decomposing bacteria drain the oxygen from the water |
| herbivores | eat plants |
| carnivores | eat meat |
| ecology | the study of organisms and how they interact with each other and their environments |
| biome | a distinct region with similar weather conditions |
| greenhouse effect | certain gasses effectively trap solar radiation, warming the planet |
| tundra | biome characterized by cold, permafrost, and few trees or animals |
| coral reef | highly biodiverse sub-biome found in the shallow portion of the ocean |
| biomagnification | process by which a substance found in trace amounts in an organism at the bottom of the food chain builds up in organisms at the top of the chain |
| DDT | pesticide which made eggshells weak in birds of prey due to biomagnification |
| what two characteristics of a biome are most important | temperature and precipitation |
| what gasses are responsible for the greenhouse effect | CO2, methane, nitrous oxide |
| realized niche | place where a population actually lives |
| fundamental niche | area where a population could theoretically live |
| LOOK AT THE CYCLES | water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous |
| which cycle doesn't have a gaseous phase? | phosphorous |
| oligotrophic lakes | low nutrients and high oxygen |
| cost of reproduction | the reduction in future reproductive output as a consequence of current reproduction |
| why is nitrogen often a limiting resource? | most organisms can't use elemental nitrogen |
| interspecific competition | between multiple species |
| intraspecific competition | within one species |
Created by:
evan787
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