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Bio Final (Exam 1)
Bio Final Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 7 characteristics of life | made of cells, ordered complexity, respond to external stimuli, adapted to their environment, use energy, grow and reproduce, maintain homeostasis |
| 5 causes of evolutionary change | natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, genetic drift, mutation |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equations | p+q=1 p^2+2pq+q^2=1 |
| Biology | study of life |
| levels of organization | cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
| domains of life | Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria |
| Jean Baptise-Lamark | evolution came from traits acquired over an organisms life |
| types of comparative anatomy | homologous, analogous, vestigial |
| homologous | different function but came from the same body part on the same ancestor |
| analogous | similar function but come from different sources |
| vestigial | leftovers from ancestral needs |
| genome | all the genetic information of an organism |
| proteome | all the genetic information of an organism which codes for a protein |
| gene | information which codes for a single protein |
| gene pool | all the possible alleles for a certain gene within a population |
| allele | possible option for a gene |
| gene flow | the passage of genes in and out of a population due to immigration and emigration |
| genetic drift | large changes to the gene pool of a population due to small population size (often due to chance) |
| evolutionary fitness | an organisms ability to successfully reproduce and pass on its genetic information to offspring |
| phenotype | the physical expression of an organism's genes |
| vertical evoltuion | the passage of genetic information from generation to generation |
| horizontal evolution | the passage of genetic information within a generation |
| biological species concept | a species is a group which can interbreed and produce viable offspring. Speciation occurs whenever two populations become reproductively isolated |
| allopatric separation | separated geographically |
| sympatric speciation | distinct species within one environment |
| gradualism | evolutionary change happens slowly over millions of years |
| punctuated equilibrium | long periods of evolutionary stagnation followed by periods of intense evolution |
| phylogenetic species concept | species are groups of populations that have been evolving independently of other groups of populations. Looks at whether there are shared derived characteristics |
| types of reproductive isolation | behavioral, temporal, mechanical, gametic, ecological |
| cell theory | all living things are made of cells, cells come from other cells |
| behavioral isolation | mating rituals |
| temporal isolation | different mating seasons |
| mechanical | it doesn't fit |
| gametic | the gamete cannot form |
| ecological | they occupy different parts of their environments and so rarely interact |
| adaptive radiation | whenever a new environment with ample resources and low competition occurs, a species may evolve into many similar species, each well adapted to their environment |
| major categories of domain eukarya | plants, fungi, protists, animals |
| types of evolution | directional, stabilizing, disruptive |
| stabilizing evolution | favors the intermediate and eliminates the extremes |
| disruptive evoltuion | favors the extremes and eliminates the intermediates |
| directional evolution | favors one extreme |
| ecosystem | the biological community and the surrounding environment |
| biological community | all the populations in an environment |
| polypoloidy | having three or more sets of chromosomes |
| Jean Baptise-Lamark's theory | acquired trait inheritance |