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Head & Neck Anatomy
Nervous System
| Action Potential | Rapid depolarization of the cell membrane that results in propagation of the nerve impulse along the membrane. |
| Afferent Nerve | Sensory nerve that carries information from the periphery of the body TO the BRAIN or spinal cord |
| Anesthesia | Loss of feeling or sensation resulting from the nerve use of certain drugs or gases that serve as inhibitory neurotransmitters. |
| Crossover-Innervation | Overlap of terminal nerve fibers from the contralateral side of the dental arch. |
| Efferent Nerve | Motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery of the body. |
| Facial Paralysis | Loss of action of the facial muscles. |
| Ganglion | Accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system. |
| Innervation | Supply of nerves to tissue, structures, or organs. |
| Neuron | Cellular component of the nervous system that is individually composed of a cell body and neural processes. |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical agent from the neuron that is discharged with the arrival of the action potential, diffuses across the synapse, and binds to receptors on another cells membrane. |
| Nerve | Bundle of neural processes outside the central onerous system; a part of the peripheral nervous system. |
| Nervous System | Extensive network of structures that activates, coordinates, and controls all functions of the body. |
| Resting Potential | Charge difference between the fluid outside and inside a cell that results in difference in the distribution of ions. |
| Synapse | Junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ, where neural impulses are transmitted by electrical or chemical means. |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia | Lesion of the trigeminal nerve involving facial pain. |
| Olfactory nerve type | Afferent: nasal mucosa |
| Optic nerve type | Afferent: retina of the eye |
| Oculomotor nerve type | Efferent: eye muscles |
| Trochlear nerve type | Efferent: eye muscles |
| Trigeminal nerve type | Efferent: muscles of mastication and other cranial muscles. Afferent: face and head skin, teeth, oral cavity, parotid gland, and tongue. |
| Abdunces nerve type | Efferent: eye muscles |
| Faical nerve type | Efferent: muscles of facial expressions. Afferent: skin around ear and tongue |
| Vestibulocochlear nerve type | Afferent: inner ear |
| Glossopharyngeal nerve type | Efferenet: stylopharyngeus muscle and parotid gland. Afferent: skin around ear and tongue |
| Vagus nerve type | Efferent: muscles of soft palate, pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdominal organs. Afferent: skin around ear and epiglottis |
| Accessory nerve type | Efferent: muscles of neck, soft palate, and pharynx. |
| Hypoglossal nerve type | Efferent: tongue muscles. |
| The brainstem of the central nervous system consists of which structures? | Medulla, pons, and midbrain |
| The central nervous system consists of which two structures? | Brain and spinal cord |
| To what division of the nervous system does a nerve cell belong if it leads from the eye to the brain carrying visual information? | Afferent nervous system |
| An efferent nerve with the nervous system is known to carry information... | AWAY from the brain to the periphery of the body. |
| To which of the following structures does the posterior superior alveolar nerve and its branches supply? | Max. posterior teeth |
| Which foramen does the facial nerve pass through the skull? | Stylomastoid foramen. |
| Which cranial nerve is directly involved in Bell palsy? | Facial nerve |
| The hypoglossal nerve pairs with what muscle? | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
| Which cranial nerve has fibers that provide crossover innervation to the contralateral side in the skull before continuing into the brain? | Optic nerve |
| Which cranial nerve carries taste sensations for the base of the tongue | Glossopharyngeal nerve |
| Which region of the head and neck is the trigeminal ganglion located? | Anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone |