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Cell Respiration
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chloroplasts | site of the Calvin Cycle |
| Cuticle | The waxy top layer of the leaf that prevents water loss. |
| autotroph | Organisms that make their own food. |
| heterotroph | Organisms that must seek out food sources. |
| ATP | A chemical compound that is used by cells to store and release energy. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which autotrophs create food. |
| Pigment | Light-absorbing/reflecting molecules. Responsible for the colour of plants |
| Chlorophyll | Plant pigment (Chlorophyll A-absorbs blue light; Chlorophyll B-absorbs red light). Neither can absorb green light very well. |
| Thylakoid | Saclike photosynthetic membranes. |
| Photosystems | Proteins in the thylakoid membrane that organize chlorophyll and other pigments into clusters |
| Stroma | The region outside the thylakoid membranes. |
| NADP+ | Takes in and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion. |
| Light-Dependent Reactions | Reactions that require light to function |
| ATP Synthase | A protein that spans the membrane and allows H ions to pass through. |
| Calvin Cycle | Uses ATP and NADPH from light dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars. |
| Calorie | The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water, 1 degree. |
| Glycolysis | A pathway that releases only a small amount of energy, unless oxygen is present, which then leads to two energy pathways. |
| Cellular Respiration | The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules. 6O2 +C6H12O6.....6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
| NAD+ | A reactant of glycolysis; releases four high energy electrons and passes them to an electron carrier, |
| Fermentation | Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen. |
| Anaerobic Reaction | Does not require oxygen |
| Aerobic Reaction | Requires oxygen |
| Krebs Cycle | Second stage of cellular respiration; in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. |
| Fermentation | A reaction that releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen. |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | Anaerobic reaction that takes pyruvic acid + NADH...alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | pyruvic acid + NADH....lactic acid + NAD+ |
| Pyruvic Acid | The result of glycolysis, in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of this reactant. |
| Krebs Cycle | Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions. |
| Electron Transport Chain | Converts ADP to ATP from the carriers of the Kreb cycle. |