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Bio. Vocab. Ch. 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Autosome | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| Centromere | The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
| Chromatid | One of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
| Diploid | A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
| Haploid | Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Homologous Chromosome | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| Anaphase | A phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate |
| Binary Fission | A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
| Cell Cycle | A repeating set of events in the life of a cell |
| Cell Plate | The precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two |
| Histone | A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
| Centrosome | Contains centrioles and move toward opposite poles of the cell during prophase |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasma of a cell |
| G1 Phase | The first stage of interphase, where offspring cells grow to mature size |
| G2 Phase | A time during which the cell prepares for cell division |
| Interphase | A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins |
| Meiosis | A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
| Mitosis | In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| Prophase | The first stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division |
| S Phase | The second phase in Interphase where DNA is copied (synthesized) |
| Telophase | The final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes |
| Crossing Over | The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
| Gamete | A haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction that doesn't involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| Oogenesis | The production, growth, and maturation of an egg or ovum |
| Spermatogenesis | The process by which male gametes form |
| Metaphase | One of the stages of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator |
Created by:
archergirl
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