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Chapter 13
Principles of Ecology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | the study of the interaction among living things, and between living things and their surroundings |
| Community | A group of different species that live together in one area, such as groups of alligators, turtles, birds, fish, and plants that live together in the Florida Everglades |
| Biome | A major regional or global community of organisms |
| Biotic | Factors that are living things, such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria |
| Abiotic | Factors that are nonliving things such as moisture, temperature, wind, sunlight, and soil |
| Biodiversity | the assortment of variety of living things in an ecosystem |
| Keystone species | species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem |
| Producers | organisms that get their energy from nonliving resources; they make their own food |
| Autotrophs | Another name for producer |
| Consumers | organisms that get their energy by eating other living or once-living resources such as plants and animals |
| Heterotrophs | Another word for consumer |
| Chemosynthesis | process by which an organism forms carbohydrates using chemicals, rather than light, as an energy source |
| Food Chain | sequence that links species by their feeding relationships |
| Herbivores | organisms that only eat plants |
| Carnivores | organisms that only eat animals |
| Omnivores | organisms that eat plants and animals |
| Detritivores | organisms that eat dead organic matter |
| Decomposers | detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds |
| Specialist | consumer that primarily eats one specific organism or feeds on a very small number of organisms |
| Generalists | consumers with varying diets |
| Trophic levels | levels of nourishment in a food chain |
| Food web | model that shows the complex work of feeding relationships and the flow of energy within and sometimes beyond an ecosystem |
| Hydrologic cycle | circular pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the surface, below ground, and back |
| Biogeochemical cycle | movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or loving and nonliving, parts of the ecosystem |
| Nitrogen Fixation | Certain types of bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called ______ |
| Biomass | measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area |
| Energy Pyramid | diagram that compares energy used by producers, primary consumers, and distributed among trophic levels in an ecosystem |
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