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Ch 12 Bio Unknowns

Unknown vocab in this chapter for test

QuestionAnswer
Bacteriophage The kind of virus that infects bacteria
Nucleotides DNA is made out of nucleotides which is a unit composed of bases, 2 groups, A=T, C=G
Chromatin Protein and DNA tightly packed together
Histones DNA tightly coiled around proteins
DNA polymerase The principal enzyme nvolved in DNA replication
Nucleosome Term for when DNA is wrapped around eight proteins or a histone for coils to coil on themselves and become super coils
Genes Coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell
mRNA RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA
rRNA Ribosomes made up of dozens of proteins as well as this form of RNA
tRNA RNA molecules that transfer each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA
Transcription A process where RNA molecules are produced by copying parts of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA
Codon Consists of three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypeptide chain.
Translation The decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain.
Central Dogma DNA>RNA>PROTEINS
Polyploidy The condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
PCR Stands for.. Polymerase chain reaction; Allows biologists to make a copy of a particular gene.
Recombinant DNA They are produced by combining DNA from different sources
Plasmid The foreign DNA joined to a small circular DNA molecule
Transgenic Organisms that contain genes from other cells
Created by: Arielle Gelb
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