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SLS Bio 11 Genetics
SLS Bio 11 Genetics CP
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | Different form of a gene, they occur during the same locus on homologous chromosomes. |
| Autosome | Any type of chromosomes except for the sex chromosomes. |
| Codominance | A pattern of inheritance when both alleles of a gene are equally expressed. |
| Dihybrid | One individual that is heterozygous for two traits; it shows the phenotype by the dominant alleles but carries the recessive alleles. |
| Dominant allele | An allele that gets its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote; it receives the expression of the recessive allele. |
| Genotype | Genes of a individual of a particular train or trait, designated often by letters such as BB or Aa. |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a given trait. |
| Homozygous | Having identical alleles for a given trait, free breeding. |
| Monohybrid | Individual for one trait that is heterozygous; the phenotype of the dominant allele but carries the recessive allele. |
| Multiple allele | Inheritance pattern where there are more than two alleles for a particular trait; every individual only has two possible alleles. |
| Phenotype | Different appearance of the organism caused by genotype and environmental influences. |
| Punnet square | Gridlike device that is used to calculate the results of simple genetic crosses. |
| Recessive allele | Hereditary factor that show itself as a phenotype only when it is the genotype. |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of a human being. |
| Sex-linked trait | Allele that happens on the sex chromosomes but can sometimes control a trait that has nothing to do with sexual characteristics. |
| Test cross | The cross between an individual with dominant phenotype and an individual that has a recessive phenotype. The phenotypic ratio after indicates if the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous. |
| Apoptosis | Cells that are no longer needed or are a threat to the organism are destroyed. |
| Cell Cycle | Series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and replication that produces two daughter cells in prokaryotes. |
| Centromere | Part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids during mitosis attaches to spindle fibers. |
| Chromatin | DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. |
| Chromosomes | Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus, formed of protein and a single molecule. |
| Crossing-over | Process where homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and exchange different segments of their genetic material to form recombined chromosomes. |
| Cytokinesis | Process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm. |
| Diploid (2n) chromosome number | Cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent. |
| Gamete | Organism's reproductive cells they are also called a sex cells. |
| Haploid (n) chromosome number | Half the usual number of chromosomes. |
| Homologous chromosomes | Similar but not identical, each carries the same genes. |
| Meiosis | Process to convert a diploid cell to a haploid gamete. |
| Mitosis | Cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes. |
| Nondisjunction | Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. |
| Somatic cell | Any cell of the body except sperm and egg cells. |
| Synapsis | Pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. |
Created by:
cphilip
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