click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Vocab 8.1
Chromosomes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Chromosome | In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
Histone | A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
Chromatid | One of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
Centromere | The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromosomes together during mitosis |
Chromatin | The material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur |
Sex Chromosome | One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
Autosome | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
Homologous Chromosome | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
Karyotype | A micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individual's chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size |
Diploid | A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
Haploid | Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |