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M.A.B. Point 1
Vocab associated with Maintaining a Balance- HSC Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| enzyme | Highly specialized protein that reduces amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, increasing the speed of the reaction |
| metabolism | All of the biochemical reactions occurring in the cells of the body |
| Enzyme models: Lock and Key; Induced Fit | Mechanisms for enzyme mechanisms- lock and key: instant fit; induced fit: enzyme changes shape when substrate binds |
| pH | describes the acidity of a substance |
| homeostasis | Tendency in organisms towards maintenance of physiological stability |
| stimulus-response pathway | stimulus--> receptor --> control centre --> effector --> response |
| nervous system | The system of nerves and nerve centres in an animal |
| nervous system and feedback mechanism | sensory neurones- takes signal from the receptor to control center. relaying neurones- takes signal around control center. motor neurones- takes signal from control center to effector |
| ectotherms | Organisms that change their body temperature by using heat from environment |
| endotherms | Organisms that regulate their own body temperature using heat generated from their metabolism |
| Australian endotherms | kangaroo, bandicoot |
| Australian ectotherms | brown snake, blue tongue lizard |
| optimum enzyme conditions | For optimal efficiency- specific temperatures, pH and amount of substrate are needed |
| positive feedback mechanism | enhance or amplify changes e.g. contractions during birth |
| negative feedback mechanism | conteracts changes to return to a stable, maintained level e.g. responding to temperature |
| plant responses to temperature change | sunken stomata, leaf orientation, leaf fall |
| structural adaptations | physical features of an organism e.g. feathers |
| behavioural adaptations | behaviours of an organism e.g. hibernation |
| physiological adaptations | permit an organism to perform special functions e.g. shivering |
| denatured | structural change in proteins that cause destruction of the active site |
| active site | a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction |
| evaporative cooling | removing heat from body by changing liquid water to water vapour using heat from skin (sweating) OR from respiratory surfaces (panting) |
| metabolic pathway | Series of step-wise chemical reactions, each governed by an enzyme. e.g. Cellular Respiration; Photosynthesis are metabolic pathways |
| rate of reaction | Speed at which a reaction proceeds. Measured by: amount of substrate used up or products formed in a given amount of time |
| vasodilation | When we are too hot the blood vessels supplying warm blood to the skin become enlarged or dilated |
| vasoconstriction | When we are too cold the blood vessels supplying warm blood to the skin become narrow or constrict |
| ambient | environmental or surrounding (e.g. ambient temperature) |
| Stimulus- response example | Stimulus: Increase temperature Receptor: Thermoreceptor in skin (via sensory neurones to) Control center: Hypothalamus (in brain) (via motor neurones to) Effector: Sweat glands activated Response: Sweat produced & evaporative cooling takes place |
Created by:
kaylee_89
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